This article presents a brief history of dental ceramics and offers perspectives on recent research aimed at the further development of ceramics for clinical use, at their evaluation and selection, and very importantly, their clinical performance. Innovative ceramic materials and ceramics processing strategies that were introduced to restorative dentistry since the early 1980s are discussed. Notable research is highlighted regarding (1) wear of ceramics and opposing enamel, (2) polishability of porcelains, (3) influence of firing history on the thermal expansion of porcelains for metal ceramics, (4) machining and CAD/CAM as fabrication methods for clinical restorations, (5) fit of ceramic restorations, (6) clinical failure mechanisms of all-ceramic prostheses, (7) chemical and thermal strengthening of dental ceramics, (8) intraoral porcelain repair, and (9) criteria for selection of the various ceramics available. It is found that strong scientific and collaborative foundations exist for the continued understanding and improvement of dental ceramic systems.

Ceramics in dentistry: historical roots and current perspectives

How to qualify and validate wear simulation devices and methods.

Enamel wear by ceramics may adversely affect maintenance of the vertical dimension of occlusion and can increase the potential for thermal sensitivity. In this article, factors related to the abrasion of enamel by dental ceramics are critically reviewed. Concepts of physical, microstructural, chemical, and surface characteristics of dental ceramics on wear are presented based on research published since 1950. A PubMed search for key words (wear of enamel and ceramic) was supplemented with a hand search to identify relevant peer-reviewed articles published in English. Based on the literature, it can be concluded that material factors, their proper handling, and control of the patient's intrinsic risk factors related to wear are critically important to the reduction of enamel wear by dental ceramics.

Factors affecting enamel and ceramic wear: a literature review.

Wear of ceramic and antagonist--a systematic evaluation of influencing factors in vitro.

The attritional wear of human enamel and four different composite resins for the veneering of crowns was evaluated in a dual-axis chewing simulator over up to 1 200 000 loading cycles. Enamel showed less wear than the composite resins. However, an ultrafine compact-filled composite resin (Targis®) showed a wear not statistically significantly different from that of enamel. The other composite resins showed a statistically significantly higher wear than enamel regardless whether microfine, ultrafine midway-filled or ultrafine compact-filled.

Wear of composite resin veneering materials in a dual‐axis chewing simulator

https://archive-ouverte.unige.ch/unige:90733/ATTACHMENT01

Marginal adaptation and fit of adhesive ceramic inlays

The wear of ceramic inlay materials and antagonist enamel cups was measured in vitro. Per group, six MOD inlays were adhesively cemented in extracted molars. Castable glass ceramic, pressed glass ceramic, and feldspathic porcelain were used as inlay materials. A microfilled and a fine hybrid composite served as luting agents. The restorations were exposed to an in vitro wear test that corresponds to approximately 5 years of clinical service. The wear in the occlusal contact area was quantified during and at the end of the test with a three-dimensional scanner. Final wear measurements on the inlays (mean ± SD) ranged from 21.8 ± 8.8 μm for pressed glass ceramic to 59.0 ± 37.9 μm for castable glass ceramic. The mean wear of the enamel antagonists ranged from 74.6 ± 32.9 μm for pressed glass ceramic to 153.2 ± 61.5 μm for feldspathic porcelain. The wear of the luting composites at the end of the test ranged from 4.9 ± 5.1 μm for microfilled to 12.3 ± 6.3 μm for fine hybrid.

Wear of ceramic inlays, their enamel antagonists, and luting cements

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Marginal adaptation and fit of adhesive ceramic inlays

Wear of ceramic inlays, their enamel antagonists, and luting cements