This article is devoted to a review of decay properties of excited 0+ states in regions of the nuclear chart well known for shape coexistence phenomena. Even-even isotopes around the Z=20 (Ca), 28 (Ni), 50 (Sn), 82 (Pb) proton shell closures and along the Z=36 (Kr), Z=38 (Sr) and Z=40 (Zr) isotopic chains are mainly discussed. The aim is to identify examples of extreme shape coexistence, namely highly deformed structures, well localized in the Potential Energy Surface in the deformation space, which could lead to γ decays substantially hindered. This is in analogy to the 0+ fission shape isomers in the actinides region and to the superdeformed (SD) states at the decay-out spin in medium/heavy mass systems. In this survey, the Hindrance Factor (HF) of the E2 transitions de-exciting 0+ states or SD decay-out states is a primary quantity which is used to differentiate between types of shape coexistence. The 0+ states, examined with the help of the hindrance factor, reveal a multifaceted scenario of shape coexistence. A limited number of 0+ excitations (in the Ni, Sr, Zr and Cd regions) exhibit large HF values (>10), some of which are associated with the clear separation of coexisting wave functions, while in most cases the decay is not hindered, due to the mixing between different configurations. Comparisons with theory predictions based on various models are also presented, some of which shed light on the microscopic structure of the considered states and the origin of the observed hindrances. The impact of shape ensembles at finite temperature on the decay properties of highly-excited states (Giant Dipole Resonances) is also discussed. This research area offers a complementary approach for identifying regions where extreme shape coexistence phenomena may appear. 

Multifaceted character of shape coexistence phenomena in atomic nuclei

Conversion electron spectroscopy is a valuable tool in nuclear structure studies, but the complex spectra resulting from the high density of levels in the spectra of heavy nuclei make it difficult to extract the most beneficial information from singles measurements. This work reports on the transformation of ICEBall, which was a mini-orange spectrometer that was used in coincidence with various Germanium detector arrays, to the improved fInternal conveRsion Electron Ball (fIREBall) spectrometer for the improved measurements of E0 transitions and conversion electron coefficients. A combination of FreeCAD, COMSOL, and Geant4 simulations were implemented to optimize the geometries for the magnet filters used in the spectrometer to significantly improve the efficiency of electron collection in the energy range of interest 200 keV-1 MeV. The array of six mini-orange Si(Li) detectors are to be replaced with six new, thicker Si(Li) detectors. Experimental tests reported here show a peak improvement in absolute efficiency from 2.8% to 5.3% for the 482 keV K electron line in 207Bi for a single magnet filter and detector pair. 

Transformation of ICEBall to fIREBall for conversion electron spectroscopy

Structures in the $^{106}\mathrm{Pd}$ nucleus have been studied in the $\mathrm{EC}/{\ensuremath{\beta}}^{+}$ decay of $^{106}\mathrm{Ag}$ at the INFN Legnaro National Laboratories using the Spes Low-energy Internal Conversion Electron Spectrometer (SLICES). The K-conversion coefficients and the electric monopole transition strengths, between low-lying ${2}^{+}$ and ${0}^{+}$ states, have been studied. These experimental data combined with the results from conversion electron measurement on $^{104}\mathrm{Pd}$ previously performed by the Florence spectroscopy group were compared with the theoretical values calculated in the framework of the interacting proton-neutron boson model. Good agreement between experimental and theoretical values is found when interpreting the ${0}_{3}^{+}$ level as an intruder state. 

Electric monopole transitions and structure of low-spin states in 
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A new β-decay station, COnversion electrons Chasing at Orsay (COeCO), has been developed at ALTO to perform conversion electron spectroscopy studies of neutron-rich nuclei produced by photo-fission of a uranium carbide target. It is based on the collection of a low-energy ISOL beam on a mylar tape, and the transportation of the electrons emitted by the produced radioactive source through a magnetic field induced by two copper coils, towards a cooled Si(Li) detector. In this article, a detailed description of the new decay station and its components is given. The magnetic field induced by the coils was measured and compared to simulations performed with the COMSOL® software. The efficiency of the detection setup was estimated using a 207Bi and a 152Eu source as an off-line commissioning. Finally, the results obtained with a 96Rb radioactive beam for the on-line commissioning are presented. 

COeCO: A new β-delayed conversion-electron spectroscopy setup for low-energy ISOL beams at the ALTO facility in Orsay

Abstract The next years will see the completion of the radioactive ion beam facility SPES (Selective Production of Exotic Species) and the upgrade of the accelerators complex at Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare – Legnaro National Laboratories (LNL) opening up new possibilities in the fields of nuclear structure, nuclear dynamics, nuclear astrophysics, and applications. The nuclear physics community has organised a workshop to discuss the new physics opportunities that will be possible in the near future by employing state-of-the-art detection systems. A detailed discussion of the outcome from the workshop is presented in this report. 

Nuclear physics midterm plan at Legnaro National Laboratories (LNL)

The Spes Low-energy Internal Conversion Electron Spectrometer (SLICES) is a new electron spectrometer designed to perform off-beam measurements at the beta decay station of the SPES facility at the Legnaro National Laboratories (LNL). SLICES consists of a large area Si(Li) detector cooled at −150 °C and a magnetic transport system. Four permanent N52 magnets, located around a central photon shield focus the electrons on the detector. In this paper, a detailed description of the SLICES components is presented. The strength of the measured magnetic field has been compared with calculations. The efficiency of the apparatus has been simulated and compared with the experimental data obtained using a radioactive 207 Bi source. The commissioning of the spectrometer at the CN accelerator at LNL is also presented.

SLICES: Spes Low–Energy Internal Conversion Electron Spectrometer

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SLICES: Spes Low–Energy Internal Conversion Electron Spectrometer