A very intense neutrino super beam experiment for leptonic CP violation discovery based on the European spallation source linac

This document reports on a series of experimental and theoretical studies conducted to assess the astro-particle physics potential of three future large scale particle detectors proposed in Europe as next generation underground observatories. The proposed apparatuses employ three different and, to some extent, complementary detection techniques: GLACIER (liquid argon TPC), LENA (liquid scintillator) and MEMPHYS (water Cherenkov), based on the use of large mass of liquids as active detection media. The results of these studies are presented along with a critical discussion of the performance attainable by the three proposed approaches coupled to existing or planned underground laboratories, in relation to open and outstanding physics issues such as the search for matter instability, the detection of astrophysical neutrinos and geo-neutrinos and to the possible use of these detectors in future high intensity neutrino beams.

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Large underground, liquid based detectors for astro-particle physics in Europe: scientific case and prospects

Leptogenesis is a class of scenarios in which the cosmic baryon asymmetry originates from an initial lepton asymmetry generated in the decays of heavy sterile neutrinos in the early Universe. We explain why leptogenesis is an appealing mechanism for baryogenesis. We review its motivations and the basic ingredients and describe subclasses of effects, like those of lepton flavours, spectator processes, scatterings, finite temperature corrections, the role of the heavier sterile neutrinos, and quantum corrections. We then address leptogenesis in supersymmetric scenarios, as well as some other popular variations of the basic leptogenesis framework.

/pdf/leptogenesis-in-the-universe-3n6clx56sj.pdf

Leptogenesis in the Universe

We consider the physics potential of CERN based neutrino oscillation experiments consisting of a Beta Beam (βB) and a Super Beam (SPL) sending neutrinos to MEMPHYS, a 440 kt water Cerenkov detector at Frejus, at a distance of 130 km from CERN. The θ13 discovery reach and the sensitivity to CP violation are investigated, including a detailed discussion of parameter degeneracies and systematical errors. For SPL sensitivities similar to the ones of the phase II of the T2K experiment (T2HK) are obtained, whereas the βB may reach significantly better sensitivities, depending on the achieved number of total ion decays. The results for the CERN-MEMPHYS experiments are less affected by systematical uncertainties than T2HK. We point out that by a combination of data from βB and SPL a measurement with antineutrinos is not necessary and hence the same physics results can be obtained within about half of the measurement time compared to one single experiment. Furthermore, it is shown how including data from atmospheric neutrinos in the MEMPHYS detector allows to resolve parameter degeneracies and, in particular, provides sensitivity to the neutrino mass hierarchy and the octant of θ23.

http://users.ictp.it/~pub_off/preprints-sources/2006/IC2006011P.pdf

United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization and International Atomic Energy Agency THE ABDUS SALAM INTERNATIONAL CENTRE FOR THEORETICAL PHYSICS PHYSICS POTENTIAL OF THE CERN-MEMPHYS NEUTRINO OSCILLATION PROJECT

This report serves as a guide for the planning and implementation of radiation protection programmes for all types of positive ion accelerators. The basic types of accelerators are briefly described, followed by a detailed description of several installations covering the energy range from 10 MeV to 500 GeV. Special emphasis is given to the production of ionizing radiation and its transmission through shielding, computer techniques for shield design, radiation measurement and interpretation, and the radiological impact of accelerators on the environment. Extensive references are given so the book can serve as a source to the published literature.

Radiological safety aspects of the operation of proton accelerators : a report

An analysis of the revised physics needs and recent progress in the technology of superconducting RF cavities have led to major changes in the specification and in the design for a Superconducting Proton Linac (SPL) at CERN. Compared with the first conceptual design report (CERN 2000–012) the beam energy is almost doubled (3.5 GeV instead of 2.2 GeV), while the length of the linac is reduced by 40% and the repetition rate is reduced to 50 Hz. The basic beam power is at a level of 4–5 MW and the approach chosen offers enough margins for upgrades. With this high beam power, the SPL can be the proton driver for an ISOL-type radioactive ion beam facility of the next generation (‘EURISOL’), and for a neutrino facility based on superbeam C beta-beam or on muon decay in a storage ring (‘neutrino factory’). The SPL can also replace the Linac2 and PS Booster in the low-energy part of the CERN proton accelerator complex, improving significantly the beam performance in terms of brightness and intensity for the benefit of all users including the LHC and its luminosity upgrade. Decommissioned LEP klystrons and RF equipment are used to provide RF power at a frequency of 352.2 MHz in the lowenergy part of the accelerator. Beyond 90 MeV, the RF frequency is doubled to take advantage of more compact normal-conducting accelerating structures up to an energy of 180 MeV. From there, state-ofthe-art, high-gradient, bulk-niobium superconducting cavities accelerate the beam up to its final energy of 3.5 GeV. The overall design approach is presented, together with the progress that has been achieved since the publication of the first conceptual design report.

/pdf/conceptual-design-of-the-spl-ii-a-high-power-superconducting-lgidwo0047.pdf

Conceptual design of the SPL II : A high-power superconducting $H^-$ linac at CERN

We fabricate single tin-vacancy centres in diamond, we perform spectroscopy and coherent population trapping to verify optical driving of the spin states. We investigate the integration in diamond waveguides to realise an efficient spin-photon interface.

Tin-vacancy centres in diamond for an integrated and efficient spin-photon interface

The SPL is a high-power superconducting H - linac designed to cover the needs of future experimental programs at CERN. Its normal-conducting front-end comprises an RFQ, followed by a low-energy beam chopper, an Alvarez Drift Tube Linac (DTL), a Coupled Cavity DTL (CCDTL), and a Side Coupled Linac (SCL) and can be built in a first stage as Linac4. The design is based on achieving smooth transitions between the different sections and on avoiding emittance exchange via space charge resonances. Following a collaboration agreement for the construction of a prototype DTL tank the original design was changed in order to reduce cost and to increase efficiency. This paper outlines the design approach for the normal conducting SPL front-end and reports on the recent changes in the reference design.

Progress in the Design of LINAC4, the SPL Normal- Conducting Front-End (< 180 MeV)

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Conceptual design of the SPL II : A high-power superconducting $H^-$ linac at CERN

Tin-vacancy centres in diamond for an integrated and efficient spin-photon interface

Progress in the Design of LINAC4, the SPL Normal- Conducting Front-End (< 180 MeV)