A biosystematic study of Portulaca in Hawaii determined the following chromosome numbers: P. lutea and P. molokiniensis, 2n = 40; P. oleracea, 2n = 54; P. pilosa, 2n = 16; and P. sclerocarpa, P. villosa, two imperfectly known species (P. "olowalu" and P. "ulupalakua"), a P. grandiflora cultivar, and a second unidentified commercial cultivar, all 2n = 18. One plant from the field with 2n = 94 was morphologically intermediate to P. lutea and P. oleracea and apparently represents the stabilized allopolyploid derivative of these species. Additional observations suggest the occurrence of other episodes of natural hybridization involving these species and also P. lutea and P. molokiniensis. Artificial interspecific pollinations yielded the following hybrid combinations: P. lutea x P. oleracea, P. lutea x P. molokiniensis, P. molokiniensis x P. oleracea, P. sclerocarpa x P. villosa, and P. villosa x P. "olowalu." Pollen stainability of hybrids was consistently high in some instances but was low or variable in others. The results suggest that the species of Portulaca in Hawaii comprise two well defined groups: P. lutea, P. molokiniensis, and P. oleracea (polyploids); and P. pilosa, P. sclerocarpa, P. villosa, P. "olowalu," and P. "ulupalakua" (diploids).

Cytogenetics and Hybridization of Portulaca in Hawaii

Portulaca grandiflora Hook and P. umbraticola Kunth (Portulacaceae) are popular garden annuals, and have been bred for improved ornamental value. However, limited research has been published on hybridisation of Portulaca, with no reports on intergeneric hybridisation. Calandrinia balonensis Lindley and Calandrinia sp. nov. (not yet fully classified) are floriferous Australian Portulacaceae species, with potential as novel flowering pot plants, and are potential candidates for breeding with ornamental Portulaca. We studied the reproductive biology of these four species and breeding compatibility for reciprocal crosses of P. grandiflora × C. balonensis (2n = 18) and P. umbraticola × C. sp. nov. (2n = 24). All four species produced seeds for intraspecific outcrosses. P. grandiflora and C. sp. nov. are partially self-compatible whereas P. umbraticola and C. balonensis are highly self-incompatible. Autogamy was detected only for P. grandiflora. Reciprocal crosses of P. grandiflora × C. balonensis and P. umbraticola × C. sp. nov. with similar chromosome numbers did not produce seeds, primarily because of pollen–pistil incompatibility that prevents pollen-tube growth within the stigmata. Methods to overcome hybridisation barriers of these species combinations need to be established to create novel products for ornamental horticulture.

Reproductive biology and intergeneric breeding compatibility of ornamental Portulaca and Calandrinia (Portulacaceae)

SUMMARYIn the annual ornamental Portulaca grandiflora the usual number is n = 9, but in one cultivar Jewel' it is n = 5. The former is phenotypically and genetically very heterogeneous but cytologically uniform, while the latter is phenotypically uniform but cytogenenetically heterogeneous with 1 or 2 interchange complexes of 4 chromosomes. These have a directed segregation and therefore high fertility. However, homozygotes although with 5 II have segregational irregularities and high degree of sterility.

Cytotypes within the Annual Ornamental Portulaca

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Cytotypes within the Annual Ornamental Portulaca