The radiation hardness properties of a tile/fiber calorimeter with different materials or with different optical path layouts have been studied. Ten calorimeter modules of a geometry similar to that of the proposed SDC calorimeter were irradiated using the BEPC electron beam (1.1 or 1.3 GeV). Radiation damage was quantified by measuring the light yield at various locations within the calorimeter modules at different integrated doses. The recovery process and the dependence on the ambient atmosphere were also studied and correction techniques for various dose and depth profiles were developed.

Radiation hardness tests of scintillating tile/WLS fiber calorimeter modules

We have fabricated scintillating tile/fiber units for the CDF plug upgrade electromagnetic calorimeter. The total number of tile/fiber systems amounts to ∼23 000. We describe the quality control tests of scintillator plates, optical fibers, and tile/fiber units which we placed at various stages in the fabrication procedures. We have completed the production retaining the tile/fiber units which satisfy our requirements.

/pdf/mass-production-of-tile-fiber-units-for-the-cdf-plug-upgrade-rpide8o0tb.pdf

Mass production of tile/fiber units for the cdf plug upgrade em calorimeter

Calorimetry and radiation damage

A simple tracking system for measuring the K+ decay vertex along the beam axis in the T-Violation Experiment (E246) at KEK is described. It consists of 32 grooved BC408 plastic scintillator rings with embedded Y11 wavelength-shifting (WLS) optical fibers. Both ends of each multi-clad WLS fiber are directly viewed by a green-extended photomultiplier. Light yield of 46 photoelectrons per minimum ionizing particle in the 5 mm thick ring has been achieved. This configuration gives 1.7 mm position resolution determined purely by the 6 mm width of each ring. Time resolution of 1.0 ns and detection efficiency of 98.4% were obtained.

Scintillation ring hodoscope with WLS fiber readout

The radiation hardness of Kuraray 3HF scintillating and clear optical fibers has been investigated using 60Co γ-rays in the dose range 0.4–500 krad. Significant initial degradation in the attenuation length was observed both for 3HF and clear fibers at a dose as small as 10 krad. The radiation hardness of both the scintillating and clear fibers is identical if it is expressed in terms of the ratio of the attenuation lengths after to before irradiation. The radiation damage of 3HF fibers was observed to recover substantially with a time scale of a few months. The attenuation length and mechanical durability against bending were measured for clear fibers by changing S parameter which characterizes the softness of the fibers.

/pdf/radiation-hardness-and-mechanical-durability-of-kuraray-35aphfhnvi.pdf

Radiation hardness and mechanical durability of Kuraray optical fibers

We describe R&D results on optical properties of a scintillating tile/fiber system for the SDC barrel electromagnetic calorimeter The tile/fiber system uses a wavelength shifting fiber to read out the signal of a scintillating plate (tile) and a clear fiber to transmit the signal to a phototube In the SDC calorimeter design, four of tile/fiber systems are grouped as a 2 × 2 tile package so that the gap width between and the location of the tiles in the absorber slot can be controlled Optical properties of the tile package such as the light yield, its uniformity, and cross talk were measured in a test bench with a β-ray source and in a 2−GeV c π + test beam The performance as an electromagnetic calorimeter was evaluated by a GEANT simulation using the measured response map We discuss a method of correction for the calorimeter non-uniformity

Design of a 2 × 2 scintillating tile package for the SDC barrel electromagnetic tile/fiber calorimeter

Radiation hardness of a scintillating tile/fiber calorimeter is studied by irradiating electromagnetic test modules with 2.5 GeV electrons at the KEK linac. The induced damage is evaluated in a 2 GeV electron test beam by measuring the reduction in pulse height after irradiation. The pulse height peak for 2 GeV electrons is found to decrease by 19.3 ± 1.3% for a dose of 0.61 Mrad and 14.9 ± 2.7% for 0.33 Mrad. In addition to these modules, several tile/fiber assemblies were irradiated up to 4.8 Mrad and the damage as a function of dose was measured with a radioactive source. Effects of radiation damage on the linearity and energy resolution at higher energies are evaluated using a GEANT simulation and the measured damage.

Beam test of radiation hardness of a scintillating tile/fiber calorimeter

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Design of a 2 × 2 scintillating tile package for the SDC barrel electromagnetic tile/fiber calorimeter

Beam test of radiation hardness of a scintillating tile/fiber calorimeter