Corrosion behavior of nitrogen alloyed martensitic stainless steel in chloride containing solutions

The microstructures and chemical composition of nano-precipitates in vanadium (V) steels were investigated by the alloy contrast variation method (ACV) using small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) coupled with small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) at holding temperatures ranging between 600 and 700°C Both the SAXS and SANS profiles exhibited clear scattering, depending on the holding temperature, due to the presence of nano-precipitates The scattering profiles of the precipitates are characteristic of spherical or disc-like particles The average diameters of these precipitates increased from 05 nm at 600°C to 23 nm at 700°C, whereas the number density of the precipitates decreases with increased holding temperature Therefore, the increasing holding temperature results in an increase in the growth rate of the precipitates ACV analysis revealed that the chemical composition of the precipitates corresponds to NaCl-type vanadium carbide (VC) at 675 and 700°C, and as VC09 at 625 and 650°C The formation of a different heterogeneity, non-NaCl type, was found in the sample at a holding temperature of 600°C This probably corresponds to a precursor of the NaCl phase in the initial process of precipitation

Quantitative Analysis of Precipitate in Vanadium-microalloyed Medium Carbon Steels Using Small-angle X-ray and Neutron Scattering Methods

Systematical transmission electron microscopy (TEM) studies of the martensitic substructure in quenched Fe–C binary alloys have revealed that the initially formed martensite has twinning structure, and the twin is body-centered cubic {112} -type twin regardless of the carbon concentrations. A metastable hexagonal ω-Fe(C) phase with an ultrafine particle-like morphology is distributed at the twin boundary region. In order to explore the common existence of the ω-Fe in nitrogen steels, the martensitic substructures in high-nitrogen martensitic stainless steels at various conditions (as-quenched, subzero-treated and tempered) have been investigated in detail by means of TEM. The ω-Fe with an ultrafine particle size of 1–3 nm has been observed in all the samples. TEM tilting experiment and electron diffraction analysis have revealed that each martensitic lath or plate is composed of {112} -type twin structure with the ω particles at the twin boundary region. The martensite morphology and the relationship between the twin and the ω phase particles have been discussed crystal geometrically. The ω particle size variation with subzero and tempering treatment has also been discussed based on a proposed dilation and split mechanism. The existence of large amount of twins up to 550 °C simply suggests that the nitrogen atoms have much stronger effect than carbon atoms on the ω phase stability. The present investigation will provide a very clear image about the martensitic substructure in high-nitrogen martensitic stainless steels.

ω -Fe particle size and distribution in high-nitrogen martensitic steels

Effect of Alloying Elements on the High-Temperature Tempering of Fe-0.3N Martensite

Solution nitriding was applied to conventional 12%Cr stainless steels such as JIS SUS410L, SUS410, SUS420J1 and SUS420J2, and then the microstructure and hardness were examined for the as-quenched specimens as well as tempered ones. Nitrogen concentration was increased to around 0.28 mass% under the solution nitriding condition of 1473K-0.1MPa N2 in all of the 12%Cr steels regardless of the carbon content. Solid solution strengthening by nitrogen was relatively small compared with that by carbon in as-quenched martensite. However, solutionnitrided steels exhibited a remarkably large secondary hardening during tempering, which hardly appears in conventional martensitic stainless steels without nitrogen. TEM observation and X-ray analysis for extracted residue indicated that the secondary hardening by nitrogen was caused by precipitation of fine CrN nitride.

Effect of Solution Nitriding on Microstructure and Hardness in 12%Cr Martensitic Stainless Steels

Origin of the enhanced hardness of a tempered high-nitrogen martensitic steel

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Origin of the enhanced hardness of a tempered high-nitrogen martensitic steel