We propose a new algorithm for automatically computing approximations of a given polyhedral object at different levels of details. The applications for this algorithm is the display of very complex scenes. Our approach is similar to the region-merging method used in image segmentation. We iteratively collapse edges based on a measure of the geometric deviation from the initial shape. when edges are merged in the right order, this strategy produces a continuum of valid approximations of the original object, which can be used for faster rendering at vastly different scales.

Full-range approximation of triangulated polyhedra.

One third of the workstation business is driven by industrial or scientific applications that heavily depend on the ability to interactively render 3D models whose complexity is increasing far more rapidly than the performance of the graphics subsystems. Simple scenes in 3D video-games may only need a few hundred textured polygons, but models used for mechanical CAD, scientific, geo-science, and medical applications involve scenes with millions of faces, sometimes grouped to form the boundaries of polyhedral solids of widely varying complexity. The successful exploitation of such large volumes of scientific and engineering three-dimensional data hinges on users’ ability to access the data through phone lines or network connections and to manipulate significant portions of these 3D models interactively on the screen for scientific discovery, teaching, collaborative design, or engineering analysis. Currently available high-end graphics hardware is often insufficient to render the models at sufficient frame rates to support direct manipulation and interactive camera control.

/pdf/geometric-simplification-and-compression-1crv4qyfpv.pdf

Geometric simplification and compression

The geometric complexity of 3D models used in scientific, industrial, medical, or military applications significantly exceeds the complexity of what can be rapidly downloaded over the internet and of what can be displayed at interactive rates on personal workstations. This situation is not likely to change, because the need for higher levels of accuracy in the 3D models and the complexity of the industrial and scientific 3D data sets increase at a much faster rate than network bandwidth, CPU speed, and graphics hardware performance. The solution requires intelligent techniques that compress the 3D scenes for fast transmission over the network or phone line and that use auxiliary datastructures and adaptive resolution techniques to avoid processing and displaying each geometric detail at each frame. This tutorial discusses 3D representation schemes for polyhedra, presents recent advances in 3D compression, reviews various graphics acceleration schemes, and teaches specific techniques for constructing and exploiting multi-resolution (LOD) models.

Simplification and Compression of 3D Scenes

We present a system for incorporating multiple level of detail (LOD) models of 3D objects within a single hierarchical data structure. This system was designed for a scientific visualization application involving terrain and volume rendering. Our data structure is a modified Binary Space Partitioning (BSP) tree. We describe how our tree construction and traversal routines may be used with a variety of LOD methods. This is demonstrated with two different LOD methods: a new method specialized for terrain elevation height fields, and an existing method for general objects. Images, timings, and storage data for our implementation are provided.

Multiresolution BSP trees applied to terrain, transparency, and general objects

Interactive 3D visualization and Internet-based access to information are already common. Their combination is-or soon will be-the primary vehicle for accessing remote databases in fundamental areas of manufacturing, architecture, petroleum, urban planning, tourism, defense, medicine, electronic commerce, and entertainment. Unfortunately, whether based on precise 3D geometry or involving combinations of shapes and images, the complexity of 3D graphic models of airplanes, cities, or virtual stores significantly exceeds the limits of what can be quickly downloaded over popular connections and what can be rendered on personal workstations during interactive exploration. The author reviews recent progress in the compression and simplification of 3D models and in the progressive transmission of these models for interactive graphic exploration, which may combine traditional 3D graphics with image-based rendering. The author proposes an architecture for a 3D server capable of supporting a large number of independent client-users accessing interactively various subsets of a possibly distributed database of complex 3D models.

Invited Lecture: Interactive Exploration of Distributed 3D Databases over the Internet

At the most abstract level, data visualization maps discrete values computed over an n-dimensional domain onto pixel colors. It is largely a dimension-reducing process justified by its leverage on human perceptual capacities for extracting information from visual stimuli. The difficulty is to implement a mapping that reveals the data characteristics relevant to the application at hand. Effective visualization solutions let the user control the process parameters interactively and enhance the automatically extracted features. We argue for an intelligent, model-based approach to visualization, which extracts the intrinsic data characteristics and constructs multiresolution graphics models suitable for interactive rendering on commercially available hardware adapters. The model-based approach has four parts, which we summarize. >

Research issues in model-based visualization of complex data sets

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Research issues in model-based visualization of complex data sets