Polarization-dependent x-ray absorption measurements were performed on crystalline ZnO three-dimensional arrays consisting of highly oriented microrods as well as on particulate thin films consisting of monodisperse spherical nanoparticles Strong anisotropic effects have been observed for the highly oriented ZnO rods, but not for the isotropic spherical nanoparticles Full-potential calculations of the orbital-resolved x-ray absorption of a ZnO wurtzite periodic crystal, including Zn 3d among the valence states, show very good agreement with the experimental findings Comprehensive fundamental knowledge of the electronic structure of ZnO is obtained by probing and demonstrating the orbital symmetry of oxygen and its contribution to the conduction band of this important II–VI semiconductor

https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0953-8984/14/28/308/pdf

Polarization-dependent soft-x-ray absorption of highly oriented ZnO microrod arrays

Electrical permittivity theory has been applied to the interpretation of data describing the anomalously high Faraday rotation and ellipticity in the Y3−xBixFe5O12 ferrimagnetic system. By the use of exact forms of the basic phenomenological equations for the off‐diagonal tensor element e1 = e’1 + ie‘1, the measured Bi3+ influence on the separate component e’1 and e‘1 spectra from 1 to 5 eV has been closely fitted to theory by the superposition of three Fe3+ (diamagnetic) electric dipole transitions occurring at 2.6, 3.15, and 3.9 eV, respectively. The strong transition at 3.15 eV that is believed to originate from Fe‐O6 molecular complexes of the octahedral sublattice may also have a smaller companion peak in the vicinity of 5 eV. Transition bandwidths and excited‐state splittings determined from the matching of theory to experiment both indicate that strong Bi covalent interactions exist with the Fe‐O6 and Fe‐O4 complexes. These results also confirm that the enhanced magneto‐optical effects in the longe...

Spectral origins of giant Faraday rotation and ellipticity in Bi-substituted magnetic garnets

Faraday rotation and MCD in Ce doped yig

Polarization-dependent x-ray absorption measurements were performed on a crystalline ZnO three-dimensional array consisting of highly oriented microrods as well as on particulate thin film consisting of monodisperse spherical nanoparticles. Strong anisotropic effects have been observed for the highly oriented ZnO rods, unlike for the isotropic spherical ones. Full-potential calculations of orbital-resolved x-ray absorption of a ZnO wurtzite periodic crystal, including the Zn 3d as part of the valence states, shows a very good agreement with the experimental findings. Comprehensive fundamental knowledge of the electronic structure of ZnO is obtained by probing and demonstrating the orbital symmetry of oxygen and its contribution to the conduction band of this important II-VI semiconductor.

Polarization-dependent soft-x-ray absorption of a highly oriented ZnO microrod-array.

In the framework of the concept of charge-transfer transitions, we suggest a semi-quantitative model which explains the strong increase of the circular magneto-optical effects in the iron garnets (IG) R3Fe5O12 upon doping with Bi3+ or Pb2+ ions. The covalent admixture of Bi3+, Pb2+ 6p orbitals (with giant one-electron spin–orbit coupling constant) with oxygen 2p states causes growth of the oxygen contribution to the spin–orbit coupling constant of (FeO6)9−, (FeO4)5− complexes (the main magneto-optically active centres of IG). The enhanced spin–orbit interaction of the oxygen is not the only effect of substitution; it also gives rise to the effective anisotropic tensor addend to the spin–orbit interaction and the circular magneto-optical effects in IG as well. A computer simulation of the magneto-optical spectra of Y3−xBixFe5O12 for the case of an inhomogeneous bismuth distribution is carried out. Estimates of various contributions to the IG magneto-optical effects are given. The anisotropic tensor mechanism yields a contribution to the Faraday effect which is comparable in magnitude with the 'ordinary' ferromagnetic contribution. Analysis of experimental data on the magneto-optical effects in garnets supports our theoretical model.

https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0953-8984/14/28/307/pdf

Bismuth-induced increase of the magneto-optical effects in iron garnets: a theoretical analysis

The main results of the present paper can be summarized as follows:

a)

By choosing suitable PbO-B2O3-Bi2O4 melts combined with appropriategrowth conditions it is possible to reduce significantly the content of lead atoms in garnet films leading to the incorporation of approx. 0·1 Pb per one Bi atom (y/x≈ ≈ 0·1).




b)

Account of the interference of the respective YL γ2,3, BiM α1 and PbM α1, PbM β1 X-ray lines in the EPMA method enables sufficiently exact determinations of Bi and Pb contents in garnet films.




c)

Determination of Bi contents in thin garnet films (1–2 μm) is made possible by measuring the FR near 500 nm. The magnitude of the minumum of the specific Faraday coefficient determines the Bi content and it has been shown that this value is not influenced by the presence of Pb ions.

Correlation between Faraday rotation and bismuth and lead contents in LPE YIG films

Growth of single crystal materials from high temperature solutions

High Tc Bi-Ca-Sr-Cu-O superconducting system — Influence of preparation conditions

On the single crystals growth of Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O superconductors

Thin Mn∶ YIG films exhibit a large noncubic anisotropy We show that this anisotropy may be understood on the basis of a strong Jahn-Teller effect of octahedrally coordinated Mn3+ ions The corresponding mechanism is simple — the strain caused by the film/substrate misfit orders the local Jahn-Teller distortions and, as a consequence, noncubic anisotropy appears In particular, due to the nonparallel local coordinate systems of octahedral sites, an uniaxial anisotropy is predicted also for the (111) growth plane It is pointed out that the interaction between the Jahn-Teller centres and/or their interaction with the lattice defects lower the magnitude of the anisotropy The temperature dependence of the uniaxial anisotropy was measured on the (001) and (111) oriented films using the FMR method The results are in qualitative agreement with the prediction of theory Quantitative comparison of theory with the experiment is difficult, as little is known about the distribution of the strains due to the lattice defects and about the interaction between the Jahn-Teller centres

Origin of the noncubic anisotropy in Mn∶ (Y, Gd)3Fe5O12 thin films

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