Medicinal plants for women's healthcare in southeast Asia: a meta-analysis of their traditional use, chemical constituents, and pharmacology.

Moringa oleifera Lam. syn M. pterygosperma Gaertn (Family-Moringaceae) is exemplified as a panacea for various ailments in traditional medicine. Scientific studies over a few decades have reconfirmed to the folklore claims, establishing its potential as an analgesic, anti-inflammatory, diuretic, antihypertensive, antioxidant and antitumor agent. Various other pharmacological attributes such as antiarthritic, antispasmodic, antiurolithic, hepatoprotective, anaphylactic, antihyperglycemic etc have also been conferred to it. The present review is an updated compilation of some important phytochemical, pharmacological and preliminary studies on M. oleifera and the principles isolated from it. The above investigations are motivational enough and demand further studies to explore its therapeutic and other possible benefits

https://www.longdom.org/open-access/moringa-oleifera-lam-sahijan-a-plant-with-a-plethora-of-diverse-therapeutic-benefits-an-updated-retrospection-2167-0412.1000101.pdf

Moringa Oleifera Lam. (Sahijan) - A Plant with a Plethora of Diverse Therapeutic Benefits: An Updated Retrospection

Background Many women express concern about their ability to produce enough milk, and insufficient milk is frequently cited as the reason for supplementation and early termination of breastfeeding. When addressing this concern, it is important first to consider the influence of maternal and neonatal health, infant suck, proper latch, and feeding frequency on milk production, and that steps be taken to correct or compensate for any contributing issues. Oral galactagogues are substances that stimulate milk production. They may be pharmacological or non-pharmacological (natural). Natural galactagogues are usually botanical or other food agents. The choice between pharmacological or natural galactagogues is often influenced by familiarity and local customs. Evidence for the possible benefits and harms of galactagogues is important for making an informed decision on their use. Objectives To assess the effect of oral galactagogues for increasing milk production in non-hospitalised breastfeeding mother-term infant pairs. Search methods We searched the Cochrane Pregnancy and Childbirth Group's Trials Register, ClinicalTrials.gov, the World Health Organization (WHO) International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (ICTRP), Health Research and Development Network - Phillippines (HERDIN), Natural Products Alert (Napralert), the personal reference collection of author LM, and reference lists of retrieved studies (4 November 2019). Selection criteria We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and quasi-RCTs (including published abstracts) comparing oral galactagogues with placebo, no treatment, or another oral galactagogue in mothers breastfeeding healthy term infants. We also included cluster-randomised trials but excluded cross-over trials. Data collection and analysis We used standard Cochrane Pregnancy and Childbirth methods for data collection and analysis. Two to four review authors independently selected the studies, assessed the risk of bias, extracted data for analysis and checked accuracy. Where necessary, we contacted the study authors for clarification. Main results Forty-one RCTs involving 3005 mothers and 3006 infants from at least 17 countries met the inclusion criteria. Studies were conducted either in hospitals immediately postpartum or in the community. There was considerable variation in mothers, particularly in parity and whether or not they had lactation insufficiency. Infants' ages at commencement of the studies ranged from newborn to 6 months. The overall certainty of evidence was low to very low because of high risk of biases (mainly due to lack of blinding), substantial clinical and statistical heterogeneity, and imprecision of measurements. Pharmacological galactagogues Nine studies compared a pharmacological galactagogue (domperidone, metoclopramide, sulpiride, thyrotropin-releasing hormone) with placebo or no treatment. The primary outcome of proportion of mothers who continued breastfeeding at 3, 4 and 6 months was not reported. Only one study (metoclopramide) reported on the outcome of infant weight, finding little or no difference (mean difference (MD) 23.0 grams, 95% confidence interval (CI) -47.71 to 93.71; 1 study, 20 participants; low-certainty evidence). Three studies (metoclopramide, domperidone, sulpiride) reported on milk volume, finding pharmacological galactagogues may increase milk volume (MD 63.82 mL, 95% CI 25.91 to 101.72; I² = 34%; 3 studies, 151 participants; low-certainty evidence). Subgroup analysis indicates there may be increased milk volume with each drug, but with varying CIs. There was limited reporting of adverse effects, none of which could be meta-analysed. Where reported, they were limited to minor complaints, such as tiredness, nausea, headache and dry mouth (very low-certainty evidence). No adverse effects were reported for infants. Natural galactagogues Twenty-seven studies compared natural oral galactagogues (banana flower, fennel, fenugreek, ginger, ixbut, levant cotton, moringa, palm dates, pork knuckle, shatavari, silymarin, torbangun leaves or other natural mixtures) with placebo or no treatment. One study (Mother's Milk Tea) reported breastfeeding rates at six months with a concluding statement of "no significant difference" (no data and no measure of significance provided, 60 participants, very low-certainty evidence). Three studies (fennel, fenugreek, moringa, mixed botanical tea) reported infant weight but could not be meta-analysed due to substantial clinical and statistical heterogeneity (I2 = 60%, 275 participants, very low-certainty evidence). Subgroup analysis shows we are very uncertain whether fennel or fenugreek improves infant weight, whereas moringa and mixed botanical tea may increase infant weight compared to placebo. Thirteen studies (Bu Xue Sheng Ru, Chanbao, Cui Ru, banana flower, fenugreek, ginger, moringa, fenugreek, ginger and turmeric mix, ixbut, mixed botanical tea, Sheng Ru He Ji, silymarin, Xian Tong Ru, palm dates; 962 participants) reported on milk volume, but meta-analysis was not possible due to substantial heterogeneity (I2 = 99%). The subgroup analysis for each intervention suggested either benefit or little or no difference (very low-certainty evidence). There was limited reporting of adverse effects, none of which could be meta-analysed. Where reported, they were limited to minor complaints such as mothers with urine that smelled like maple syrup and urticaria in infants (very low-certainty evidence). Galactagogue versus galactagogue Eight studies (Chanbao; Bue Xue Sheng Ru, domperidone, moringa, fenugreek, palm dates, torbangun, moloco, Mu Er Wu You, Kun Yuan Tong Ru) compared one oral galactagogue with another. We were unable to perform meta-analysis because there was only one small study for each match-up, so we do not know if one galactagogue is better than another for any outcome. Authors' conclusions Due to extremely limited, very low certainty evidence, we do not know whether galactagogues have any effect on proportion of mothers who continued breastfeeding at 3, 4 and 6 months. There is low-certainty evidence that pharmacological galactagogues may increase milk volume. There is some evidence from subgroup analyses that natural galactagogues may benefit infant weight and milk volume in mothers with healthy, term infants, but due to substantial heterogeneity of the studies, imprecision of measurements and incomplete reporting, we are very uncertain about the magnitude of the effect. We are also uncertain if one galactagogue performs better than another. With limited data on adverse effects, we are uncertain if there are any concerning adverse effects with any particular galactagogue; those reported were minor complaints. High-quality RCTs on the efficacy and safety of galactagogues are urgently needed. A set of core outcomes to standardise infant weight and milk volume measurement is also needed, as well as a strong basis for the dose and dosage form used.

Oral galactagogues (natural therapies or drugs) for increasing breast milk production in mothers of non‐hospitalised term infants

This study was undertaken to document how typhoid is traditionally treated in Bamboutos division. For this purpose thirty eight plants species were selected. These plants underwent phytochemical screening and antibacterial study using standard procedures. The antibacterial tests using agar well diffusion method and microdilution assay indicated that, all the thirty eight plant samples showed activity against S. typhi, while S. paratyphi A and S. paratyphi B reacted on fifteen and fourteen plants respectively. The highest zones of inhibition were obtained from Senna alata with diameter of 24, 22.5 and 20.5 mm against S. paratyphi A, S. paratyphi B and S. typhi respectively at 160 mg/ml concentration.
The lowest MIC values 128 µg/ml was exhibited by the extract of Vitex doniana against Salmonella paratyphi A. Bactericidal activity was obtained by the extract of Carica papaya, Pseudarthria confertiflora, Moringa oleifera and Harungana madagascariensis. Antibacterial screened of Pseudartthria confertiflora was reported for the first time. Annona muricata, Laggera alata, Spathodea campanulata, Cordia platythyrsa, Carica papaya, Terminalia glaucescens and Pseudarthria confertiflora gave positive results for all secondary metabolites while other plants contained two to five metabolites. The presence of these secondary metabolites probably contributes to the antibacterial potential of these plants. This finding supported the uses of these plants for treatment of typhoid fever and other infectious diseases in the study area.

/pdf/phytochemical-screening-and-antibacterial-activity-of-2kyw5gtavb.pdf

Phytochemical screening and antibacterial activity of medicinal plants used to treat typhoid fever in Bamboutos division, West Cameroon

The study reports medicinal plant survey was conceded in Yercaud hills ranges of Eastern Ghats, Tamil Nadu, India. The study primarily based on field surveys conducted throughout the hills, where dwellers provided information on plant species used as medicine, plant parts used to prepare the remedies and ailments to which the remedies were prescribed. The study resulted about 48- plant species belonging to 45- genera and 29- families of medicinal plants related to folk medicine used by the local people. Among them the most common plants viz., Asparagus racemosus Willd., Cissus quadrangularis L., Gymnema sylvestre R. Br., Hemidesmus indicus (L.) R. Br., Justisia adhatoda L., Ocimum sanctum L., Phyllanthes amarus Schum. & Thonn., Piper nigrum L., Solanum nigrum L., Tinospora cordifolia (Thunb.) Miers, Tridax procumbens L. and Zingiber officinale Roscoe which are used in their daily life to cure various ailments.

Medico-botanical study of Yercaud hills in the eastern Ghats of Tamil Nadu, India.

Traditional Knowledge has been used for centuries by indigenous and local communities in healthcare. It is an important factor for sustainability of natural resource management. The women folk of the country play a vital role in the use and mobilization of such biodiversity based knowledge system. The efficacy of this knowledge is time tested and capable of healthcare management in the form of nutraceuticals and pharma food. The study aimed to document the existing system of traditional knowledge and utility pattern of medicinal plants related to pre and post natal care. This resulted in the documentation of 52 plant species belonging to 49 genera and 38 families, as 17 single drugs, 8 formulations of medicated water for bath (Vethuvellam), 5 formulations of nutraceuticals (Kurukkumarunnu), 4 formulations of food (medicated porridge). The plants are enumerated along with local name, type of plants, family name, parts used and mode of administration.

http://nopr.niscair.res.in/bitstream/123456789/7183/1/IJTK%209%281%29%20203-208.pdf

A study on traditional mother care plants of rural communities of South Kerala.

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A study on traditional mother care plants of rural communities of South Kerala.