Fish are the most diversified group of vertebrates and, although progress has been made in the past years, only relatively few fish species have been examined to date, with regards to the endocrine regulation of feeding in fish. In fish, as in mammals, feeding behavior is ultimately regulated by central effectors within feeding centers of the brain, which receive and process information from endocrine signals from both brain and peripheral tissues. Although basic endocrine mechanisms regulating feeding appear to be conserved among vertebrates, major physiological differences between fish and mammals and the diversity of fish, in particular in regard to feeding habits, digestive tract anatomy and physiology, suggest the existence of fish- and species-specific regulating mechanisms. This review provides an overview of hormones known to regulate food intake in fish, emphasizing on major hormones and the main fish groups studied to date.

/pdf/the-neuroendocrine-regulation-of-food-intake-in-fish-a-2eqex03mwi.pdf

The Neuroendocrine Regulation of Food Intake in Fish: A Review of Current Knowledge.

Hypothalamic- and pituitary-derived growth and reproductive hormones and the control of energy balance in fish.

Secretoneurin-A inhibits aromatase B (cyp19a1b) expression in female goldfish (Carassius auratus) radial glial cells.

EM66 is a conserved 66-amino acid peptide derived from secretogranin II (SgII), a member of the granin protein family. EM66 is widely distributed in secretory granules of endocrine and neuroendocrine cells, as well as in hypothalamic neurones. Although EM66 is abundant in the hypothalamus, its physiological function remains to be determined. The present study aimed to investigate a possible involvement of EM66 in the hypothalamic regulation of feeding behaviour. We show that i.c.v. administration of EM66 induces a drastic dose-dependent inhibition of food intake in mice deprived of food for 18 hours, which is associated with an increase of hypothalamic pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) and melanocortin-3 receptor mRNA levels and c-Fos immunoreactivity in the POMC neurones of the arcuate nucleus. By contrast, i.c.v. injection of EM66 does not alter the hypothalamic expression of neuropeptide Y (NPY), or that of its Y1 and Y5 receptors. A 3-month high-fat diet (HFD) leads to an important decrease of POMC and SgII mRNA levels in the hypothalamus, whereas NPY gene expression is not affected. Finally, we show that a 48 hours of fasting in HFD mice decreases the expression of POMC and SgII mRNA, which is not observed in mice fed a standard chow. Taken together, the present findings support the view that EM66 is a novel anorexigenic neuropeptide regulating hypothalamic feeding behaviour, at least in part, by activating the POMC neurones of the arcuate nucleus.

A potential role for the secretogranin II-derived peptide EM66 in the hypothalamic regulation of feeding behaviour.

The Purpose of this Study is to comprehend and compare the quickness of astaxanthin and canthaxanthin in improving ranchu goldfish color. The ability of carotenoids to be digested and absorbed depends on the structure. Carotenoids that quickly improve color quality are desirable. In this work, goldfish were fed one to three diets for 30 days to determine the effects of astaxanthin and canthaxanthin on color enhancing, growth and survival rate. The experiment consisted of (A) an unsupplemented control, (B) astaxanthin (carophyll pink 100 mg / kg), and (C) canthaxanthin (carophyll red at 100 mg/kg). Samples of dorsal skin were observed and measured via TOCA Color Finder (TCF) each day. The best colour result was obtained by canthaxanthin, but our work revealed that growth and survival rates are not significantly different among the groups.

Effects of Astaxanthin and Canthaxanthin Addition to Ranchu Goldfish (Carassius auratus) Diet Related to Rate of Color Quality Enhancement

Stimulatory effect of the secretogranin-ll derived peptide secretoneurin on food intake and locomotion in female goldfish (Carassius auratus).

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Stimulatory effect of the secretogranin-ll derived peptide secretoneurin on food intake and locomotion in female goldfish (Carassius auratus).