An acid resistant nanofiltration membrane prepared from a precursor of poly(s-triazine-amine) by interfacial polymerization

Synthetic organic dyes are essential to satisfy the ever growing demands in terms of quality, variety, fastness, and other technical requirements for coloration of a growing number of substances. Beginning in 1970, however, the dyestuff and textile industries have become increasingly subject to international, federal, and state regulations designed to improve health, safety, and environment. Therefore, in an attempt to provide a perspective of the environmental problems posed by synthetic organic colorants, and the efforts being made by industry, academia, and government to solve these problems, this article includes the physical, chemical, and biological methods of effluent treatment of dye wastewater. Specifically, the physical methods are adsorption, sedimentation, flotation, flocculation, coagulation, foam fractionation, polymer flocculation, reverse osmosis and ultrafiltration, ionization radiation, and incineration; the chemical methods are neutralization, reduction, oxidation, electrolysis, ion exchange, and wet air oxidation; the biological methods are stabilization ponds, aerated lagoons, trickling filters, activated sludge, anaerobic digestion, and bioaugmentation. Also included are fate of dyes, analytical methods, pollution prevention, heavy metals, toxicity, and legislation.

Dyes, Environmental Chemistry

Cyanurchlorid reagiert bei Raumtemperatur mit Dimethylformamid unter Bildung einer Additionsverbindung vom Vilsmeier-Haak-Typ. Bei der weiteren Umsetzung mit Dimethylformamid entstehen aus dieser Additionsverbindung unter Eliminierung von 3 Mol CO2 und Spaltung des Cyanurringes 3 Mol des bisher unbekannten 3-Dimethylamino-2-azaprop-2-en-1-ylidendimethylammoniumchlorids, , das als Azaisologes des zuerst von W. T. Simpson dargestellten N-Methyl-[2]-dimethylaminovinyl)-formimin-methojodids , aufzufassen ist. Die Konstitution dieses Salzes konnte durch Spaltungsreaktionen und unabhangige Synthesen, sowie durch UV- und IR-Spektrum sichergestellt werden.



Mit anderen Formylverbindungen sekundarer Amine reagiert Cyanurchlorid in analoger Weise. Die auf diesem Wege gewonnenen Aminoazapropenylidenammoniumsalze sind geeignete Zwischenprodukte, aus monosubstituierten Hydrazinen oder aus Amidinen durch Angliederung von Triazole bzw. Triazine aufzubauen; z.B. 2-Phenyl-1.3.5-triazin aus Benzamidin.



Cyanuric chloride reacts at room temprature with dimethylformamide to form an addition compound of the Vilsmeier Haak type. In the course of further reaction with dimethylformamide this addition compound forms 3 moles of the hither to unknown 3-methyl-amino-2-azaprop-2-en-1-ylidenedimethylammonium chloride ,3moles Co2being eliminated and the triazine ring being split. The compound formed is to be interpreted as an azaisolog of the N-methyl-2[-dimethylaminovinyl]-formiminemetho-jodide first prepared by W.T. Simpson. It was possible to secure the constitution of this salt by means of splitting reactions and independent syntheses as well as by UV and IR spectra. Cyanuric chloride reacts with other formyl compounds of secondary amines in an analogous way.



The aminoazapropenylidene ammonium salts obtained in this way are suitable intermediate products for synthesizing triazoles or triazines from monosubstituted hydrazines or amidines by means of combination with ;e.g. 2-phenyl-1,3,5-triazine from benzamidine.

Die Reaktion von Cyanurchlorid mit Dimethylformamid

Structure Reactivity Correlations of Azo Reactive Dyes Based on H-acid: I. NMR Chemical Shift Values, pKa Values, Dyestuff Aggregation and Dyeing Behaviour

The article contains sections titled: 

1.	Introduction	
2.	Cyanuric Acid	
2.1.	Physical Properties	
2.2.	Chemical Properties	
2.3.	Production	
2.4.	Environmental Protection	
2.5.	Quality Specifications and Chemical Analysis	
2.6.	Storage and Transportation	
2.7.	Uses	
2.8.	Economic Aspects	
2.9.	Toxicology and Occupational Health	
3.	Cyanuric Chloride	
3.1.	Physical Properties	
3.2.	Chemical Properties	
3.3.	Production	
3.4.	Environmental Protection	
3.5.	Quality Specifications and Analysis	
3.6.	Storage and Transportation	
3.7.	Uses	
3.8.	Economic Aspects	
3.9.	Toxicology and Occupational Health

Cyanuric Acid and Cyanuric Chloride

Azo and Anthraquinonoid Dyes containing the Cyanuric Ring

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Azo and Anthraquinonoid Dyes containing the Cyanuric Ring