The crystal structure, physical and chemical properties, and applications of titanium suboxides (TinO2n−1, n = integer greater than one) have recently attracted tremendous attention. In this paper, the structure and physical properties of titanium suboxides are summarized, and recent progress in their synthesis methods and applications in catalysis, environmental, electronic and optoelectronic devices and batteries is reviewed. The presence of two Ti3+ and (n − 2)Ti4+ provides TinO2n−1 with several possible configurations of cations in the crystal, various charge-ordered states and electronic structures which lead to their versatile physical properties, such as conductivity, magnetic and optical properties. A series of TinO2n−1 has been synthesized by redox reduction of different titanium sources of TiO2 and other raw materials. Notably, Magneli phase titanium oxides (typically n is between 4 and 6) have played very important roles in Pt-catalyst support, organic degradation, coatings and supports in various electronic and optoelectronic devices. Undoubtedly, titanium suboxides are expected to become indispensable materials in future.

Structures, preparation and applications of titanium suboxides

A colloidal crystal-splitting growth regime has been accessed, in which TiO2 nanocrystals, selectively trapped in the metastable anatase phase, can evolve to anisotropic shapes with tunable hyperbranched topologies over a broad size interval. The synthetic strategy relies on a nonaqueous sol–gel route involving programmed activation of aminolysis and pyrolysis of titanium carboxylate complexes in hot surfactant media via a simple multi-injection reactant delivery technique. Detailed investigations indicate that the branched objects initially formed upon the aminolysis reaction possess a strained monocrystalline skeleton, while their corresponding larger derivatives grown in the subsequent pyrolysis stage accommodate additional arms crystallographically decoupled from the lattice underneath. The complex evolution of the nanoarchitectures is rationalized within the frame of complementary mechanistic arguments. Thermodynamic pathways, determined by the shape-directing effect of the anatase structure and free...

Hyperbranched Anatase TiO2 Nanocrystals: Nonaqueous Synthesis, Growth Mechanism, and Exploitation in Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells

Oxygen-deficient titanium oxide films (TiOx) have been prepared by pulsed laser deposition at room temperature. Samples in their as-deposited state have an average composition of TiO1.6, are optically absorbing and show electronic conductivities in the range of 10 S cm−1. The films are metastable and consist of grains of cubic titanium monoxide (γ-TiO) embedded in an amorphous TiO1.77 matrix. Upon annealing in an argon atmosphere the electrical conductivity of the films increases and comes close to metal-like conductivity (1000 S cm−1) at about 450 °C whereas the local structure is changed: nanocrystalline grains of metallic Ti are formed in the amorphous matrix due to an internal solid state disproportionation. The highly conductive state can be frozen by quenching. During heat treatment in an argon atmosphere a stoichiometric rutile TiO2 surface layer forms due to oxidation by residual oxygen. The combination of a highly conductive TiOx film with such an approximately 20 nm thick rutile cover layer leads to a surprisingly high efficiency for the water-splitting reaction without the application of an external potential.

/pdf/amorphous-and-highly-nonstoichiometric-titania-tiox-thin-2duedbz82r.pdf

Amorphous and highly nonstoichiometric titania (TiOx) thin films close to metal-like conductivity

Microstructure and optical properties of TiO2 thin films deposited at different oxygen flow rates

High-rate reactive deposition of transparent SiO2 films containing low amount of Zr from molten magnetron target

Microstructure and properties of nanocrystalline titanium monoxide films synthesized by inductively coupled plasma assisted reactive direct current magnetron sputtering

Metallic sputtering growth of crystalline titanium oxide films on unheated glass substrate using inductively coupled plasma assisted direct current magnetron sputtering

Structure and properties of Ti–Si–N films with ∼ 10 at.% Si deposited using reactive magnetron sputtering with high-flux low-energy ion assistance

Handle everyday research tasks with reliable, citation-backed results

Your personal Research Agent to handle research tasks with citation-backed results

Popular Tasks used by Researchers

How can I help with your research?

Meet SciSpace

Get more enhanced response by uploading the PDFs you want me to reference.

No relevant PDFs in your library

SciSpace is the AI research assistant for academics. Run systematic literature reviews on 280M+ papers, and write papers with cited sources. Trusted by 1M+ students, PhDs & researchers.

SciSpace | AI for Research

Analyze PDFs

Code & Manuscripts

Funding & Grants

Literature & Patents

Medical & Clinical Data

Systematic Review

Visualize & Present

Web & Data

Build a Google Scholar-like website for your research.

Build a website

Create charts and images for your research

Create a Chart

Write a paper for submission to a journal

Draft a manuscript

Patent Search

Design eye-catching scientific posters in minutes.

Scientific Poster Generation

Systematic Literature Review

One task is running at the moment. Your messages will be shown right after.

Drag and drop or click here to browse

Loved by <highlight>1 million+</highlight> researchers

Extract a list of specific topics and their sources from unstructured text

Topics

Compare and analyze relevant papers that matches with your search

Papers

Get insights from PDFs and bookmarked papers from your library

My library

Recent searches

Try searching for:

Catch AI-generated content in scholarly and non-scholarly content

{ai} Detector

Ai Writer

Get PDF Summaries, highlighted text explanations 

Chat with PDF

Effortlessly create in-text citations and bibliographies in APA and 2,500 other formats

Citation generator

Get explanations, summaries, and answers on academic papers

Ease up your research workflow with {scispace}'s cohort of exciting AI tools

Elevate your academic writing skills and convey your ideas the way you want

Paraphraser

Explore our range of reading and writing tools

Your file is being prepared and should be ready in a few minutes. If it's a large file, it might take a bit longer. You can close this window, and we'll email you the file when it's done.

You have reached a maximum limit of <strong>{limit}</strong> columns in the table. Remove at least <strong>1</strong> column to add or create another one.

M. Makino

Author Tools

Chat about Author

Papers

Microstructure and properties of nanocrystalline titanium monoxide films synthesized by inductively coupled plasma assisted reactive direct current magnetron sputtering

Metallic sputtering growth of crystalline titanium oxide films on unheated glass substrate using inductively coupled plasma assisted direct current magnetron sputtering

Structure and properties of Ti–Si–N films with ∼ 10 at.% Si deposited using reactive magnetron sputtering with high-flux low-energy ion assistance