In the general population, height is determined by a complex interplay between genetic and environmental factors. Pituitary gigantism is a rare but very important subgroup of patients with excessive height, as it has an identifiable and clinically treatable cause. The disease is caused by chronic growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor 1 secretion from a pituitary somatotrope adenoma that forms before the closure of the epiphyses. If not controlled effectively, this hormonal hypersecretion could lead to extremely elevated final adult height. The past 10 years have seen marked advances in the understanding of pituitary gigantism, including the identification of genetic causes in ~50% of cases, such as mutations in the AIP gene or chromosome Xq26.3 duplications in X-linked acrogigantism syndrome. Pituitary gigantism has a male preponderance, and patients usually have large pituitary adenomas. The large tumour size, together with the young age of patients and frequent resistance to medical therapy, makes the management of pituitary gigantism complex. Early diagnosis and rapid referral for effective therapy appear to improve outcomes in patients with pituitary gigantism; therefore, a high level of clinical suspicion and efficient use of diagnostic resources is key to controlling overgrowth and preventing patients from reaching very elevated final adult heights.

The causes and consequences of pituitary gigantism.

Fil: Guimarey, Luis Manuel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Centro Cientifico Tecnologico La Plata. Instituto de Genetica Veterinaria "Ingeniero Fernando Noel Dulout"; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias; Argentina

Secular changes in body size and body composition in schoolchildren from La Plata City (Argentina)

During the 20th century a general positive secular trend for stature is observed in developed countries around the world while shorter statures, often associated with a lack of a positive secular trend, have mostly been observed in populations with lower SES. The purpose of this study was to compare secular changes in stature between 20th century South Africans of European descent and two European populations. The comparative samples include Dutch males with which there is an assumed genetic relationship, and Swiss males for which the genetic association is less clear. The sample comprised anthropometric stature data of white South Africans (17-62 years), Swiss and Dutch males (18-21 years) obtained from military conscripts with birth cohorts of 5 years from 1946 to 1995. The stature of white South African males did not increase at a significant rate compared to those observed in Swiss and Dutch males. South African and Dutch males were of similar height following World War II, but a considerable trend was observed only in the Dutch group. The Swiss group was initially shorter than the South Africans, but due to a positive secular trend their average stature is on a par with that of South Africans in the most recent cohort. The lack of a significant positive secular trend in the South African group could suggest that factors such as gene flow and poor economic and social development in South Africa resulted in shorter statures in white South African groups than expected.

/pdf/secular-trends-in-stature-of-late-20th-century-white-south-2hwsjlguz8.pdf

Secular trends in stature of late 20th century white South Africans and two European populations.

ObjectiveNowadays, most patients with celiac disease are diagnosed in adulthood. However, undetected disease may already have been present in childhood and may have subsequently affected growth. Earlier data on the eventual adult height of patients with celiac disease have been scant and inconsisten

Symptom-detected and screen-detected celiac disease and adult height: a large cohort study.

/pdf/methodical-approaches-for-the-estimation-of-children-55ky718iq2.pdf

Methodical Approaches for the Estimation of Children Physical Development for Determination of Modern Secular Trend

Growth and body height have always been interesting topics in the public opinion. Particularly the stupendous increase of some 15 to 19 cm in final adult height during the last 150 years in most European countries (the “secular trend”), the concomitant changes in body and head proportions, the tendency towards early onset of sexual maturation, the changes in the age when final height is being reached, and the very recent trend in body mass index have generated much scientific literature. The marked plasticity of growth in height and weight over time causes problems. Child growth references differ between nations, they tend to run out of date, and raise a number of questions in regard to fitting methodology, effects caused by selective drop-out etc. New findings contradict common beliefs about the primary importance of nutritional and health related factors on secular changes in growth. There appears to be a broad age span from mid-childhood to early adolescence that is characterised by a peculiar insusceptibility. Environmental factors that are known to influence growth during this age span appear to have only little or not impact on final height. Major rearrangements in height occur at an age when puberty has almost been finished and final height has almost been reached implying that factors which drive the secular trend in height are limited to early childhood and late adolescents.

Growth variation, final height and secular trend.

Growth and body height have always been topics interesting to the public. In particular, the stupendous increase of some 15-19. cm in final adult height during the last 150 years in most European countries (the " secular trend" ), the concomitant changes in body and head proportions, the tendency towards early onset of sexual maturation, the changes in the age when final height is being reached, and the very recent trend in body mass index, have generated much scientific literature. The marked plasticity of growth in height and weight over time causes problems. Child growth references differ between nations, they tend to quickly become out of date, and raise a number of questions regarding fitting methods, effects caused by selective drop-out, etc. New findings contradict common beliefs about the primary importance of nutritional and health related factors for secular changes in growth. There appears to be a broad age span from mid-childhood to early adolescence that is characterised by a peculiar insusceptibility. Environmental factors that are known to influence growth during this age span appear to have only little or no impact on final height. Major re-arrangements in height occur at an age when puberty has almost been completed and final height has almost been reached, implying that factors, which drive the secular trend in height, are limited to early childhood and late adolescence. © 2010 Elsevier GmbH.

/pdf/growth-variation-final-height-and-secular-trend-proceedings-1jhn58wm7r.pdf

Growth variation, final height and secular trend. Proceedings of the 17th Aschauer Soiree, 7th November 2009

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Growth variation, final height and secular trend.

Growth variation, final height and secular trend. Proceedings of the 17th Aschauer Soiree, 7th November 2009