This paper deals with a numerical modelling of the interferences produced by electrostatic discharges (ESD) that reach the surface of metallic boxes containing electronic circuits and flow toward the ground connections. The waveform of the interfering current assumed is taken from the draft of the CENELEC ESD Standard. The distribution of the current density into the enclosure during the electrostatic discharge event is deduced by means of a scalar magnetic potential approach in the frequency domain, and by a consequent finite difference discretization. The passages from the frequency domain to the time domain and forward are made using the discrete Fourier transform. This formulation of the problem allows the simulation grid to be reduced to only the metallic enclosure, saving time either in preparation of the input data or in the numerical computation. The electromagnetic interferences radiated by the enclosure during the electrostatic discharge event are directly computed by a multipole expansion of the resulting current density distribution. >

Finite-difference frequency-domain (FDFD) modelling of EMI by ESD

A novel analytical method suitable for coupled electromagnetic field of a circuit is proposed in this paper. In a high frequency circuit and high-frequency converter, skin effects are obvious, and the variations in resistance and inductance values depend on frequency. In addition, the voltage and current distribution changes of a high frequency circuit generated with a high-frequency converter during dynamic switching process are complicated and depend on time. A novel analytical method suitable for coupled electromagnetic field of circuit in parameter optimization design of high-frequency circuit and high-frequency converter is proposed in this paper. The proposed method considers the influence of skin effect and coupled electromagnetic field on parameter variation simultaneously. According to the law between parameter variation and line length, the calculation process of parameter optimization will be simpler and more effective.

/pdf/a-novel-analytical-method-suitable-for-coupled-2pf5gc4oiy.pdf

A Novel Analytical Method Suitable for Coupled Electromagnetic Field of Circuit

This work deals with a finite difference frequency domain approach for the numerical computation of the current density distribution into non perfectly conductive plates in which a current is injected. The two-dimensional magnetic scalar formulation proposed allows to limit the discretization only to the current flow region, and the grid used for the finite difference numerical simulation comprises only the flat plate. The numerical model has been tested by comparison with the results obtained by means of analytical expressions, valid only under limiting conditions. Just to have an idea about the possible applications of the model proposed, the values of the internal impedance between two contact points of a rectangular ground plane, against the signal frequency have been computed. Moreover the influence of the shape of the plane, on the equivalent internal ground parameters, has been investigated, and the interfering current values in order to have a given ground overvoltage have been deduced. The results obtained encourage to develop three-dimensional magnetic scalar formulations in order to obtain a more realistic simulation of the diffusion of the current and to avoid errors and possible over-estimations due to the known limits of two-dimensional approaches.

A Finite Difference Frequency Domain Approach for the Analysis of the Magnetic Diffusion of the Current Discharged in Plates

Closed formulas for computing the time-domain voltage between the contact points of a ground plane produced by conducted currents are presented. The approach takes into account realistic effects such as the transient skin effect and the confinement of current lines at the contacts, known as the transient striction or constriction effect. The contribution of external inductance depends on the geometry and relative position of the return conductor and is not addressed in the present paper. Calculated results are presented for various parameters, such as the dimensions of the ground plane and contacts and the type of current time-function. Using a simple geometrical model, computed results show that the ground voltage may become non-negligible when short rise-time signals are considered.

Transient striction and skin effects on voltage drop across flat conductors

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Transient striction and skin effects on voltage drop across flat conductors