The presented two-input two-output fourth-order integrated (TITO-FOI) DC–DC converter is capable of regulating DC-bus voltage and low voltage source current with only two switches and four energy s...

Robust Multi-Variable Controller Design for Two-Input Two-Output Fourth-Order DC-DC Converter

Recent developments in renewable energy-based power systems and smart grids have brought challenges to designing new power conversion systems. On account of the intermittent nature of the renewable sources and unpredictability of the load demand, a combination of two or more energy sources and auxiliary storage systems is usually mandatory to meet the load demand, improve dynamic and steady-state characteristics, and reliability and availability of the system. Conventionally, SISO (single-input-single-output) DC/DC converters are arranged in parallel at a common DC bus to exchange power. In this scheme, separate conversion stages are employed for respective renewable energy sources (RES) and energy storage systems (ESS), and the converters would be controlled independently. However, the multistage configuration generally leads to a large size due to the large number of conversion stages, relatively high cost, and low efficiency and power density. Also, the independent control of several converters and communication among the sources make the system complex. In order to overcome these disadvantages, multi-port DC/DC converters (MPDC) have been proposed. MPDCs are preferred against several independent converters in terms of efficiency, component count, size, cost, and performance point of view. In addition to RES, MPDCs can be utilized in other applications such as electric/hybrid vehicles, telecommunication and satellites, and UPSs. This paper aims to consider the recent advances in MPDC from a topology and control point of view and provide a helpful framework and point of reference for future converter design and applications. 

Recent developments of multiport DC/DC converter topologies, control strategies, and applications: A comparative review and analysis

A two-input fourth-order integrated (TIFOI) dc-dc converter regulates dc-bus voltage and low voltage source current with two switching devices and four energy storage elements. Each switch duty control signal in TIFOI converter system will affect the two output variables causing interactions. These interactions must be measured for proper controller structure selection. Interactions measurements may not be accurate for a converter system as some methods suggest centralized and some other suggest decentralized control schemes. So there is an ambiguity in selection of suitable controller architectures. To overcome such an ambiguity centralized interaction independent controller was designed for a TIFOI dc-dc converter using H-infinity Loop-shaping design procedure. This centralized controller is designed by combining the H-infinity robust stabilization with the classical loop shaping. This controller robustifies loop characteristics of the converter system by minimizing infinity norm associated with the set of four cost functions. The higher order controllers that resulted from the H-infinity Loop-shaping design procedure are reduced to lower order using balanced truncation model reduction. To ensure load division and bus-voltage regulation features of the TIFOI dc-dc converter are demonstrated, in simulation, on a prototype, 36 V /12 V to 24 V, 100 Watt, dc power distribution system.

Robust multivariable controller design using H-infinity Loop shaping for TIFOI DC-DC converter

A new two-input multi-port DC-DC converter suitable to draw power from two different dc sources, sources can be either dc or photovoltaic source, and then feeding a common dc-bus is proposed in this paper. This multi-port converter consists of two-switching devices, two diodes and four energy storage elements. Both bucking as well as buck-boost features are integrated within the single converter structure. The salient feature of the proposed converter is that both the sources either individually or simultaneously supply power to the downstream load. A centralized digital controller, full order, is designed using equivalent transfer function approach to regulate the dc-bus voltage together with load distribution on the input sources. A 24 V, 100 Watt prototype converter performance is analyzed and compared with the experimental observations. Simulated load distribution and bus voltage regulation features are in close agreement with experimental observations.

Centralized digital controller for two-input integrated DC-DC converter

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Centralized digital controller for two-input integrated DC-DC converter