RF superconductivity has become an important technology for accelerators at the energy and luminosity frontiers as well as at the cutting edge of nuclear physics and basic materials science. Nearly one kilometer of superconducting cavities have been installed in accelerators to provide more than 5 gigavolts of acceleration. Superconducting cavities support beam currents above one ampere, and deliver up to 380 kW of beam power. Steady advances in science and technology are responsible for spectacular increases in performance since the large installations of CEBAF (Jefferson Lab) and LEP-II (CERN) during the 1990's. The gradient of niobium cavities has more than tripled over the last decade, spurring new accelerators. The Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) at Oak Ridge National Laboratory switched to superconducting technology in 2000. The X-ray Free Electron Laser at DESY will provide angstrom-wavelength beams of unprecedented brilliance. Recently an International Technology Recommendation Panel selected the superconducting option for the International Linear Collider. The 500 GeV collider will require 20,000 superconducting cavities, each about one meter long, operating at 2 K. Energy Recovery Linac (ERL) studies are flowering for a variety of applications: ultra-fast, high brilliance light sources as well as electron beams for cooling or colliding with ions in the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) at Brookhaven National Lab. Designs for the nuclear Rare Isotope Accelerator (RIA) demand high performance cavities. With many years of operating experience at major accelerators demonstrating a robust technology, SRF is ready to launch major initiatives.

Accelerating applications of RF superconductivity-success stories

Third Harmonic Superconducting Passive Cavities in ELETTRA and SLS

The high gradient operation of superconducting elliptical multicells in pulsed mode is required for linear colliders or free-electron lasers based on the superconducting technology. Such an operation is limited by dynamic Lorentz force detuning if no compensation for this effect is attempted. The RF power headroom required for accelerating field amplitude and phase stabilisation by low-level RF control techniques solely would be too costly. A new active tuner with integrated piezo actuators has been developped in the framework of the european CARE/SRF program to solve this issue. The design is based on the lever-arm concept of the Saclay tuner already installed on running TTF cavities. We have carried out integrated tests of the 9-cell cavity equipped with the piezo tuner and power coupler in the CryHoLab horizontal test cryostat. Characterisation of the electromechanical system consisting of the cavity and piezo-tuner assembly and full power pulsed tests will be presented.

/pdf/compensation-of-lorentz-force-detuning-of-a-ttf-9-cell-lygkk2r3py.pdf

Compensation of lorentz force detuning of a ttf 9-cell cavity with a new integrated piezo tuner

The European Spallation Source (ESS) accelerator is a large superconducting linac under construction in Lund, Sweden. A collaboration between CEA Saclay, IPN Orsay and ESS-AB is established to design the elliptical cavities cryomodule of the linac. It is foreseen to build and test two cryomodule demonstrators within the next two years. We present the design evolution and the fabrication status of the cryomodule components housing four cavities. The latest test results of two prototype cavities are shown. The cryomodule assembly process and the ongoing testing infrastructures at CEA Saclay are also described.

Progress in the Elliptical Cavities and Cryomodule Demonstrators for the ESS LINAC

Higher harmonic cavity used in the third generation synchrotron light source increases the Touschek lifetime. The higher harmonic cavity of Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility (SSRF) is a 1.5 GHz passive superconducting cavity. Its higher order modes (HOM) are extracted by a ferrite HOM damper out of the cryostat. Multi-cell cavity is chosen concerning the voltage. The harmonic cavity dynamics, beam dynamics with passive harmonic cavity and the design of single cell cavity are included in this paper.

https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1674-1137/32/4/007/pdf

Design of a higher harmonic cavity for the SSRF storage ring

The accelerator of the European Spallation Source (ESS) is a 5 MW proton linac to be built in Lund Sweden. Its superconducting section is composed of 3 cavity families: double spoke resonators, medium beta and high beta elliptical multi-cell cavities. This paper presents the electromagnetic and mechanical design of the elliptical cavities. Both elliptical families are housed in 4-cavity cryomodules which share a common design and set of components which will be described here.

ESS Elliptical Cavities and Cryomodules

We report on the design of high order mode (HOM) couplers developed for superconducting (SC) 3/sup rd/ harmonic cavities carried out in the framework of the SUPER 3HC project. The high damping requirements for both longitudinal and transverse modes can be achieved with the appropriate HOM dampers. The results of measurements on a copper model as well as simulations are presented.

/pdf/hom-couplers-design-for-the-super-3hc-cavity-4yva3yquqc.pdf

HOM couplers design for the SUPER-3HC cavity

Two identical cryomodules, developed at Saclay, will be assembled, tested and installed during 2002 at the 3rd generation light sources SLS and ELETTRA. Each cryomodule contains a third harmonic superconducting RF system composed by two passive 1500 MHz Nb/Cu single-cell-cavities, which were fabricated at CERN. The cryomodule components (vacuum tank, thermal shield, cold tuning system, HOM couplers) are described. Results of tests of the bare cavities in a vertical cryostat at CERN and of the complete cryomodule at CEA/Saclay are reported as well.

/pdf/super-3hc-cryomodule-layout-and-first-tests-23m1oh0r6p.pdf

Super-3hc cryomodule: layout and first tests

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Papers

Third Harmonic Superconducting Passive Cavities in ELETTRA and SLS

ESS Elliptical Cavities and Cryomodules

HOM couplers design for the SUPER-3HC cavity

Super-3hc cryomodule: layout and first tests