Analysis of microbial community functional diversity using sole-carbon-source utilisation profiles - a critique.

The Pseudomonas stutzeri strain A1501 (formerly known as Alcaligenes faecalis) fixes nitrogen under microaerobic conditions in the free-living state and colonizes rice endophytically. The authors characterized a region in strain A1501, corresponding to most of the nif genes and the rnf genes, involved in electron transport to nitrogenase in Rhodobacter capsulatus. The region contained three groups of genes arranged in the same order as in Azotobacter vinelandii: (1) nifB fdx ORF3 nifQ ORF5 ORF6; (2) nifLA-rnfABCDGEF-nifY2/nafY; (3) ORF13 ORF12-nifHDK-nifTY ORF1 ORF2-nifEN. Unlike in A. vinelandii, where these genes are not contiguous on the chromosome, but broken into two regions of the genome, the genes characterized here in P. stutzeri are contiguous and present on a 30 kb region in the genome of this organism. Insertion mutagenesis confirmed that most of the nif and the rnf genes in A1501 were essential for nitrogen fixation. Using lacZ fusions it was found that nif and rnf gene expression was under the control of ntrBC, nifLA and rpoN and that the rnf gene products were involved in the regulation of the nitrogen fixation process.

Nitrogen fixation genetics and regulation in a Pseudomonas stutzeri strain associated with rice

Azospirillum inoculation and nitrogen fertilization effect on grain yield and on the diversity of endophytic bacteria in the phyllosphere of rice rainfed crop

Various microbial inoculants can facilitate plant growth and minimize the effect of loss topsoil, soil infertility, poor plant growth, low yield index and insufficient diversity of indigenous microbes. Microbial inoculants are environmentally friendly microbial formulations and are a potential alternative to chemical fertilizers and pesticides. In fact, a higher level of fertilization may negatively affect the rhizobacterial community. Microbial inoculants may act as phytostimulants, biofertilizers and/or microbial biocontrol agents. This paper focuses on the usage, selection and characterization, production, formulation and commercial examples of microbial inoculants. Some examples of successes, problems, limitations and cooperation between countries are also mentioned. Thus, a better choice could be made on microbial inoculants from a wide perspective.

The use of microbial inoculants in African agriculture: Current practice and future prospects

A pot experiment was undertaken using unsterile soil supplemented with the recommended dose of chemical fertilizers in order to investigate the effect of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA)-producing proteo- and cyanobacterial strains on the growth and yield of wheat (Triticum aestivum variety PBW343). Two proteobacterial (WRB4 Providencia sp. and WRB10 Alcaligenes sp.) and two cyanobacterial (WRC3 Anabaena oscillarioides and WRC4 Anabaena torulosa) strains were used individually and in combination. The treatment in which proteobacteriumWRB4 (Providencia sp.) was inoculated showed significantly higher values in comparison with controls for various plant-growth parameters recorded, i.e. shoot length, root length, shoot weight, root weight and crop biomass, followed by the treatment in which the WRC3 (Anabaena oscillarioides) was used. A positive interaction among the proteo- and cyanobacterial strains, in particular WRC3 and WRB4, was also observed by way of enhancement of plant-growth parameters. Significant enhan...

Developing PGPR consortia using novel genera Providencia and Alcaligenes along with cyanobacteria for wheat

http://directory.umm.ac.id/Data%20Elmu/jurnal/A/Applied%20Soil%20Ecology/Vol15.Issue2.Oct2000/466.pdf

Effect of an Alcaligenes faecalis inoculant strain on bacterial communities in flooded soil microcosms planted with rice seedlings

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Effect of an Alcaligenes faecalis inoculant strain on bacterial communities in flooded soil microcosms planted with rice seedlings