Abstract A Gas Electron Multiplier (GEM)-based detector was utilized for the first&amp;#xD;time on a spherical tokamak, MAST-U, during the 2023 campaign to investigate Soft&amp;#xD;X-Ray (SXR) radiation (1-20 keV) emitted from the plasma. GEM detectors, chosen&amp;#xD;for their resilience to harsh fusion environments and their ability to provide energy-&amp;#xD;resolved SXR emission images with sub-millisecond time resolution, are a relatively&amp;#xD;new diagnostic compared to standard semiconductor diodes. In this study, the GEM&amp;#xD;detector features a pinhole geometry outside the vacuum chamber and observes the&amp;#xD;plasma through a beryllium window. Filled with an ArCO2 mixture, the detector&amp;#xD;consists of an Aluminized Mylar cathode, three Aluminum-coated GEM foils, and an&amp;#xD;anode made of a 16x16 matrix of 6mm2 pads for 2D readout. It employs custom&amp;#xD;GEMINI ASICs (Application Specific Integrated Circuits) for signal readout, enabling&amp;#xD;photon-counting techniques with Time over Threshold (ToT) analysis on each detector&amp;#xD;channel, reaching a total maximum rate of 256 MHz.&amp;#xD;Preliminary findings from the 2023 campaign demonstrate the effectiveness of the&amp;#xD;GEM detector in complementing existing SXR camera data in terms of spatial and&amp;#xD;temporal resolution. Case studies include the identification of Magnetohydrodynamic&amp;#xD;(MHD) instabilities, such as the Snake instability, and the exploitation of energy&amp;#xD;capabilities for plasma event energy characterization, as shown in the case of Internal&amp;#xD;Reconnection Events. Additionally, the GEM detector allows for estimation of the&amp;#xD;Electron Temperature of Maxwellian plasmas. These results underscore the potential&amp;#xD;of the GEM-based diagnostic system in advancing tokamak research for comprehensive&amp;#xD;plasma characterization and control. 

Assessment of a space and energy resolved diagnostic based on GEM technology on MAST-U

We have developed a new scintillator-based optical soft x-ray (OSXR) diagnostic system for KSTAR. By utilizing fiber optic faceplates, mm-size lens arrays, and fiber bundles, we have successfully constructed a novel optical system for scintillator-based soft x-ray detection to overcome the limited vacuum-port conditions in KSTAR. P47 (Y2SiO5), which has a fast rise (∼7 ns) and decay (∼100 ns) time sufficient for detecting plasma instabilities observed in the kHz-MHz spectral range, was selected as the scintillator material for the KSTAR OSXR system. Scintillation toward each detection channel is collected by the lens arrays coupled to optical fiber cores, which are connected to the photodetector system. Initial results obtained during the 2022 KSTAR experimental campaign support the validity of the OSXR data through the consistency of OSXR measurement results with other diagnostics. We also observe that the OSXR system can capture magnetohydrodynamic activities, such as sawtooth oscillations, and provide valuable information for disruption mitigation studies using shattered pellet injection.

https://pubs.aip.org/aip/rsi/article-pdf/doi/10.1063/5.0146169/17668455/053507_1_5.0146169.pdf

Development of a scintillator-based optical soft x-ray (OSXR) diagnostic system for KSTAR tokamak.

Abstract An integrated workflow for fast-ion analysis was developed by adapting the One Modeling Framework for Integrated Task (OMFIT) workflow manager to support a standard and unified analysis platform for KSTAR users. The newly established analysis suite offers a graphical user interface–based workflow to enable users to readily access and handle experimental data archived in various data formats and servers. Further, users can analyze the data by importing modules designed for conducting certain tasks, such as profile fitting, equilibrium reconstruction, and postprocessing of tokamak data. The procedures for preparing the inputs for fast-ion simulations are streamlined by a common workflow manager, which enables the parallel processing of various tasks to efficiently analyze large fast-ion datasets. The OMFIT platform comprises a flexible Python-based application that enables users to freely manipulate the Python scripts for applications that are unavailable in the standard workflow. The framework also offers mapping tools to translate the output data into the Integrated Modeling and Analysis Suite format to maintain application compatibility for future ITER burning plasma experiments.

A New Integrated Analysis Suite for Fast-Ion Study in KSTAR

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Development of a scintillator-based optical soft x-ray (OSXR) diagnostic system for KSTAR tokamak.

A New Integrated Analysis Suite for Fast-Ion Study in KSTAR