The theory of the strong interaction predicts states of matter with gluonic degrees of freedom. However, they have not been observed unambiguously in experiments so far. This thesis presents a partial wave analysis based on data of the COMPASS experiment at CERN, which exhibits a strong evidence for a hybrid candidate with spin-exotic quantum numbers and a mass of 1.660 + 0.010 - 0.074 GeV. Further resonances below 2 GeV are resolved. The PANDA experiment at the future FAIR facility will also perform meson spectroscopy, but at higher masses in the charmonium sector. For the central tracker of PANDA a Time Projection Chamber (TPC) with Gas Electron Multiplier (GEM) readout has been proposed. In the course of this thesis a GEM-TPC test chamber has been constructed and commissioned. Measurements with cosmic muons are presented.

Precision Meson Spectroscopy: Diffractive Production at COMPASS and Development of a GEM-based TPC for PANDA

We report on measurements of a triple gas electron multiplier (GEM) structure in high magnetic fields up to 5 T which were performed in the framework of the R&D work for a Time projection chamber at a future Linear Collider. The determination of charge transfer is performed using a triple GEM structure installed into a small test chamber which is irradiated with an 55 Fe source. The measurements are parametrised using a functional dependence on the electric set-up which was motivated by detailed numerical simulations of a GEM using the programs MAXWELL and GARFIELD. This parametrisation of a single GEM foil is extended to a model which describes the performance of the triple GEM structure and allows to predict the parameter set-up leading to minimum ion feedback. Applying this set-up, ion feedback of only two permille is achieved. Additionally, the width of the charge cloud of individual 55 Fe photons is measured using a fine segmented strip readout after the triple GEM structure. Charge widths between 0.5 mm RMS with no magnetic field and 0.3 mm at 4 T are observed.

Charge transfer of GEM structures in high magnetic fields

We developed a prototype time projection chamber using gas electron multipliers (GEM–TPC) for high energy heavy ion collision experiments. To investigate its performance, we conducted a beam test with three kinds of gases (Ar(90%)–CH4(10%), Ar(70%)–C2H6(30%) and CF4). Detection efficiency of 99%, and spatial resolution of 79μm in the pad-row direction and 313μm in the drift direction were achieved. The test results show that the GEM–TPC meets the requirements for high energy heavy ion collision experiments. The configuration and performance of the GEM–TPC are described.

Development of a time projection chamber using gas electron multipliers (GEM–TPC)

The characterization of a scintillating GEM based gas detector for quality control of clinical radio-therapeutic beams is presented. Photons emitted by the Ar/CF4 gas mixture are detected by means of a CCD camera; in addition, the charge is measured. The detector response has been studied as a function of alpha particle energy and dose rate. The measured signal underestimation, at the Bragg peak depth, is only few percent with respect to an air filled ionization chamber.

First Results of a Scintillating GEM Detector for 2-D Dosimetry in an Alpha Beam

A prototype of time projection chambers using gas electron multipliers (GEM-TPC) has been developed for relativistic heavy ion collision experiments. The performance of the GEM-TPC was investigated using particle beams at KEK with 3 kinds of gases (Ar(90%)-CH/sub 4/(10%), Ar(70%)-C/sub 2/H/sub 6/(30%) and CF/sub 4/). Detection efficiency of 99%, spatial resolution of 80 /spl mu/m in the pad-row direction and double track resolution of 12 mm in the drift direction were achieved. The test results show that the GEM-TPC meets requirements of relativistic heavy ion collision experiments. This paper describes the configuration and performance of the GEM-TPC.

/pdf/development-of-a-time-projection-chamber-using-gas-electron-1f7o7i0adz.pdf

Development of a time projection chamber using gas electron multipliers (GEM-TPC)

Measurements and numerical simulations on the charge transfer in Gas Electron Multiplier (GEM) foils are presented and their implications for the usage of GEM foils in Time Projection Chambers are discussed. A small test chamber has been constructed and operated with up to three GEM foils. The charge transfer parameters derived from the electrical currents monitored during the irradiation with an 55 Fe source are compared with numerical simulations. The performance in magnetic fields up to 2 T is also investigated.

Modelling and measurement of charge transfer in multiple GEM structures

Measurements and numerical simulations on the charge transfer in Gas Electron Multiplier (GEM) foils are presented and their implications for the usage of GEM foils in Time Projection Chambers are discussed. A small test chamber has been constructed and operated with up to three GEM foils. The charge transfer parameters derived from the electrical currents monitored during the irradiation with an Fe-55 source are compared with numerical simulations. The performance in magnetic fields up to 2 T is also investigated.

Modelling and Measurement of Charge Transfer in Multiple GEM Structures

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Modelling and measurement of charge transfer in multiple GEM structures

Modelling and Measurement of Charge Transfer in Multiple GEM Structures