Formation and composition of rhabdophane, bastnäsite and hydrated thorium minerals during alteration: Implications for geochronology and low-temperature processes

The African continent preserves a long geological record that covers almost 75% of Earth’s history. The Pan-Africanorogeny (c.600–500—Ma) brought together old continental kernels (West Africa, Congo, Kalahari and Tanzania) to form Gondwana and subsequently the supercontinent Pangaea by the late Palaeozoic. The break-up of Pangaea since the Jurassic and Cretaceous, primarily through opening of the Central Atlantic, Indian, and South Atlantic oceans, in combination with the complicated subduction history to the north, gradually shaped the African continent.

This volume contains 18 contributions that discuss the geology of Africa from the Archaean to the present day. It celebrates African geology in two ways: first, it highlights multidisciplinary Earth science research by viewing the formation and evolution of Africa from 18 different angles; second, it celebrates the work of Kevin Burke and Lewis Ashwal and portrays the wide range of interests and research angles that have characterized these two scientists throughout their careers, working in Africa, and studying African geology.

/pdf/the-formation-and-evolution-of-africa-a-synopsis-of-3-8-ga-4yqwffi7bd.pdf

The Formation and Evolution of Africa: A Synopsis of 3.8 Ga of Earth History

Our recent geological survey of the basement of central and northern Madagascar
allowed us to re-evaluate the evolution of this part of the East Africa–Antarctica Orogen
(EAAO). Five crustal domains are recognized, characterized by distinctive lithologies and histories
of sedimentation, magmatism, deformation and metamorphism, and separated by tectonic and/or
unconformable contacts. Four consist largely of Archaean metamorphic rocks (Antongil, Masora
and Antananarivo Cratons, Tsaratanana Complex). The fifth (Bemarivo Belt) comprises Proterozoic
meta-igneous rocks. The older rocks were intruded by plutonic suites at c. 1000 Ma, 820–
760 Ma, 630–595 Ma and 560–520 Ma. The evolution of the four Archaean domains and their
boundaries remains contentious, with two end-member interpretations evaluated: (1) all five
crustal domains are separate tectonic elements, juxtaposed along Neoproterozoic sutures and (2)
the four Archaean domains are segments of an older Archaean craton, which was sutured
against the Bemarivo Belt in the Neoproterozoic. Rodinia fragmented during the early Neoproterozoic
with intracratonic rifts that sometimes developed into oceanic basins. Subsequent Mid-
Neoproterozoic collision of smaller cratonic blocks was followed by renewed extension and
magmatism. The global ‘Terminal Pan-African’ event (560–490 Ma) finally stitched together
the Mid-Neoproterozoic cratons to form Gondwana.

/pdf/polyphase-neoproterozoic-orogenesis-within-the-east-africa-272g4v81o3.pdf

Polyphase Neoproterozoic orogenesis within the East Africa–Antarctica Orogenic Belt in central and northern Madagascar

India–Madagascar paleo-fit based on flexural isostasy of their rifted margins

The Great Rift Valley of Madagascar: An extension of the Africa–Somali diffusive plate boundary?

Phanerozoic upper crustal tectono-thermal development of basement rocks from central Madagascar: An integrated fission-track and structural study

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Phanerozoic upper crustal tectono-thermal development of basement rocks from central Madagascar: An integrated fission-track and structural study