Temperature is important because it has an effect on even the tiniest elements of daily life and is involved in a broad spectrum of human activities. That is why it is the most commonly measured physical quantity. Traditional temperature measurements encounter difficulties when used in some emerging technologies and environments, such as nanotechnology and biomedicine. The problem may be alleviated using optical techniques, one of which is luminescence thermometry. This paper reviews the state of luminescence thermometry and presents different temperature read-out schemes with an emphasis on those utilizing the downshifting emission of lanthanide-doped metal oxides and salts. The read-out schemes for temperature include those based on measurements of spectral characteristics of luminescence (band positions and shapes, emission intensity and ratio of emission intensities), and those based on measurements of the temporal behavior of luminescence (lifetimes and rise times). This review (with 140 references) gives the basics of the fundamental principles and theory that underlie the methods presented, and describes the methodology for the estimation of their performance. The major part of the text is devoted to those lanthanide-doped metal oxides and salts that are used as temperature probes, and to the comparison of their performance and characteristics.

/pdf/sensing-temperature-via-downshifting-emissions-of-lanthanide-5538kt617s.pdf

Sensing temperature via downshifting emissions of lanthanide-doped metal oxides and salts. A review.

Ion beam induced surface and interface engineering

The use of rare-earth (RE) (e.g., Eu2+/Ce3+) ions as single luminescent centers in phosphors with tailorable emission properties has been extensively studied for their potential use in white LEDs. However, significant limitations remain, in particular, for red-emitting phosphors due to the inherently broad excitation bands which result from the underlying d–f transitions and span large parts of the visible spectral region. Guided by density functional theory calculations on the ligand structure of the non-RE Bi3+ ion, we report here on an alternative class of phosphors, [(Y,Sc)(Nb,V)O4:Bi3+], which exhibit homogeneous Bi3+ luminescence. In these materials, adjustment of the cation fractions enables dedicated tailoring of the excitation scheme within the spectral range of ∼340–420 nm and, in the meanwhile, allows for tunable emission spanning from about 450 nm (blue) to 647 nm (orange-red). The practical absence of any overlap between the emission and excitation spectra addresses the issues of emission col...

Band-Gap Modulation in Single Bi3+-Doped Yttrium–Scandium–Niobium Vanadates for Color Tuning over the Whole Visible Spectrum

Magnetic Tuning of Upconversion Luminescence in Lanthanide-Doped Bifunctional Nanocrystals

Highly efficient lanthanide upconverting nanomaterials: Progresses and challenges

The effect of an external magnetic field (0–1 T) on the upconversion emission (λexc=976 nm) of Gd2O3:Er3+∕Yb3+ nanocrystalline phosphor has been studied. Optical bistability (hysteresis behavior in the intensity of the optical emission) for different transitions of the Er3+ ion has been observed for a complete cycle of the magnetic field between 0 and 1 T. The phosphor shows paramagnetic behavior, consistent with the presence of Gd3+ ions, at room temperature. Interaction between induced magnetization in the Gd2O3 host and the intrinsic magnetic moment of the nanosized clusters of Er3+ and Yb3+ ion pairs is proposed to be responsible for the hysteresis behavior.

Magnetic-field-induced optical bistability in multifunctional Gd 2 O 3 :Er 3+ ∕Yb 3+ upconversion nanophosphor

/pdf/advances-in-the-structural-composition-of-biomass-tv0cv7aj6g.pdf

Advances in the structural composition of biomass: Fundamental and bioenergy applications

Structural and optical properties of α-Fe 2 O 3 nanoparticles realized by simple thermal decomposition route

AFM and electronic transport studies of swift heavy ion irradiated Mn/p-Si bilayer structure

The interfacial structures of Fe50Ni50/Si have been prepared by electron beam evaporation of the alloy on silicon substrates. X-ray diffraction data confirm the formation of the alloy phase of Fe50Ni50 and intermixed silicide phases of Fe5Si3, Ni3Si2, Ni2Si and NiSi. The structures have also been irradiated from swift heavy ions to study the effect of irradiation induced interfacial intermixing. Magnetic force microscopy (MFM) and magnetisation characteristics have been used to characterise the magnetic behaviour of as-prepared and irradiated structures. It is observed from the MFM that the magnetic domains are of sub-micron scale and there is a significant magnetic signal from the surface of the structure which becomes stronger for the irradiated structures. The observed magnetisation (M–H) characteristics show the presence of in-plane and out-of-plane magnetic anisotropy in the structure which has been observed to be removed on the irradiation. The magnetisation characteristics has been understood as th...

Irradiation induced modifications in microstructural and magnetic property of Fe50Ni50 (permalloy)/Si interfacial structure

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