Rechargeable aqueous Zn-ion batteries are attractive cheap, safe and green energy storage technologies but are bottlenecked by limitation in high-capacity cathode and compatible electrolyte to achieve satisfactory cyclability. Here we report the application of nonstoichiometric ZnMn2O4/carbon composite as a new Zn-insertion cathode material in aqueous Zn(CF3SO3)2 electrolyte. In 3 M Zn(CF3SO3)2 solution that enables ∼100% Zn plating/stripping efficiency with long-term stability and suppresses Mn dissolution, the spinel/carbon hybrid exhibits a reversible capacity of 150 mAh g–1 and a capacity retention of 94% over 500 cycles at a high rate of 500 mA g–1. The remarkable electrode performance results from the facile charge transfer and Zn insertion in the structurally robust spinel featuring small particle size and abundant cation vacancies, as evidenced by combined electrochemical measurements, XRD, Raman, synchrotron X-ray absorption spectroscopy, FTIR, and NMR analysis. The results would enlighten and pr...

Cation-Deficient Spinel ZnMn2O4 Cathode in Zn(CF3SO3)2 Electrolyte for Rechargeable Aqueous Zn-Ion Battery.

The manganese and calcium ions of photosynthetic oxygen evolution.

In this review, high-resolution X-ray emission and X-ray absorption spectroscopy will be discussed. The focus is on the 3d transition-metal systems. To understand high-resolution X-ray emission and reso-nant X-ray emission, it is first necessary to spend some time discussing the X-ray absorption process. Section II discusses 1s X-ray absorption, i.e., the K edges, and section III deals with 2p X-ray absorption, the L edges. X-ray emission is discussed in, respectively, the L edges. X-ray emission is discussed in, respec-tively, and section V on 2p3s and 2p3d X-ray emission. Section VI focuses on magnetic dichroism effects, and in section VII selective X-ray absorption experiments are discussed. To limit the scope of this review paper, many related topics (for example, EELS, XPS, and resonant photoemission, phonon-oriented inelastic X-ray scat-tering, and X-ray microscopy) will not be discussed. In addition, many aspects of X-ray absorption, such as reflection experiments, diffraction absorption fine structure, and related experiments, will remain untouched. EXAFS will be discussed very briefly, and its X-ray emission analogue EXEFS 69,71 will not be discussed.

/pdf/high-resolution-x-ray-emission-and-x-ray-absorption-3vdixxzklr.pdf

High-Resolution X-ray Emission and X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy

http://www.anorg.chem.uu.nl/PDF/degroot04a.pdf

Multiplet effects in X-ray spectroscopy

X-ray absorption and dichroism of transition metals and their compounds

L,, X-ray absorption spectra have been recorded for Mn(II), Mn(III), and Mn(IV) samples with a variety of ligands. For high-spin Mn(I1) complexes, a systematic variation in spectra is observed as the ligand field is increased. A dramatically different spectrum is observed for Mn(CN)6", consistent with the presence of a low-spin complex. Progressing in oxidation state from Mn(1I) to Mn(II1) through Mn(IV) complexes, the primary peak position shifts first 1.5-2 eV and then 1-2 eV to higher energy, and the ratio of L, to L2 intensity decreases. The spectra have been quantitatively simulated with an atomic multiplet program with an octahedral crystal field superimposed. The high resolution, strong sensitivity to chemical environment and amenability to quantitative spectral shape analysis indicate that L-edges of the first transition series metals are a potentially useful probe for bioinorganic studies.

/pdf/ligand-field-strengths-and-oxidation-states-from-manganese-l-4m1fkgvo3j.pdf

Ligand Field Strengths and Oxidation States from Manganese L-Edge Spectroscopy

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Ligand Field Strengths and Oxidation States from Manganese L-Edge Spectroscopy