Many studies have shown that seabirds are sensitive to changes in food supply, and therefore have potential as monitors of fish stocks. For most seabird species breeding parameters suitable for biomonitoring have yet to be measured over a wide range of prey densities. However, it is clear that responses vary among species and care must be taken when interpreting seabird data as a proxy for fish abundance. For many years seabirds have also been used as monitors of pollution, especially oil pollution. Beached bird surveys provide important evidence of geographical and temporal patterns, and, for example, show consistent declines in oil release into the southern North Sea over the last 15 years. Analysis of oil on birds can now permit fingerprinting of sources, allowing prosecution of polluters. As predators high in marine food webs, seabirds also have potential as monitors of pollutants that accumulate at trophic levels. Recent work on mercury in seabirds has permitted an analysis of spatial patterns and of the rates of increase in mercury contamination of ecosystems over the last 150 years, since mercury concentrations in feathers of museum specimens can be used to assess contamination in the birds when they were alive. Surprisingly, pelagic seabirds show higher increases than most coastal ones, and increases have been greatest in seabirds feeding on mesopelagic prey. This seems to relate to patterns of methylation of mercury in low-oxygen, deeper water. Accurate measurement of long-term trends in mercury contamination depend on the assumption that seabird diet composition has not changed. This can be assessed by analysis of stable isotopes of N and C from the same feathers used for mercury measurement, a technique that also permits the monitoring of trophic status over time or between regions. While high mercury contamination of seabirds in the southern North Sea is unsurprising, we cannot yet explain certain unexpected results, such as high levels in seabirds from north Iceland compared with those from south Iceland or Scotland.

Seabirds as monitors of the marine environment

The largescale small pelagic fisheries - are supported by an important productive ma-rine region in the NW African region: The Canary Current ecosystem, which is one of the largest wind-induced upwelling systems. The seasonality of the upwelling and the displacement of a marine front along the coast of Mauritania and Senegal cause a “contrasting hydroclimatic situations” with cold waters in winter, warm waters in summer and two short transition periods be-tween both seasons. This area is an important transition zone, both hydrologic and faunistic, between an “equatorial” warm region and a “Canary” cold region. s- (Wooter and McLain, 1976; Belveze and Erzini, 1983).

/pdf/international-council-for-the-exploration-of-the-sea-conseil-544h957onv.pdf

International Council for the Exploration of the Sea Conseil International pour l'Exploration de la Mer

Influence of life-history parameters on organochlorine concentrations in free-ranging killer whales (Orcinus orca) from Prince William Sound, AK.

DISCLAIMER The use of company or product name(s) is for identification only and does not imply endorsement by the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. A Toxicological Profile for Naphthalene, 1-Methylnaphthalene, and 2-Methylnaphthalene, Draft for Public Comment was released in September 2003. This edition supersedes any previously released draft or final profile. Toxicological profiles are revised and republished as necessary. For information regarding the update status of previously released profiles, contact ATSDR at: Toxicological Profiles are a unique compilation of toxicological information on a given hazardous substance. Each profile reflects a comprehensive and extensive evaluation, summary, and interpretation of available toxicologic and epidemiologic information on a substance. Health care providers treating patients potentially exposed to hazardous substances will find the following information helpful for fast answers to often-asked questions. Chapter 1: Public Health Statement: The Public Health Statement can be a useful tool for educating patients about possible exposure to a hazardous substance. It explains a substance's relevant toxicologic properties in a nontechnical, question-and-answer format, and it includes a review of the general health effects observed following exposure. Chapter 3: Health Effects: Specific health effects of a given hazardous compound are reported by type of health effect (death, systemic, immunologic, reproductive), by route of exposure, and by length of exposure (acute, intermediate, and chronic). In addition, both human and animal studies are reported in this section. NOTE: Not all health effects reported in this section are necessarily observed in the clinical setting. Please refer to the Public Health Statement to identify general health effects observed following exposure. The following additional material can be ordered through the ATSDR Information Center: Case Studies in Environmental Medicine: Taking an Exposure History—The importance of taking an exposure history and how to conduct one are described, and an example of a thorough exposure history is provided. Other case studies of interest include Reproductive and Developmental viii NAPHTHALENE, 1-METHYLNAPHTHALENE, AND 2-METHYLNAPHTHALENE Hazards; Skin Lesions and Environmental Exposures; Cholinesterase-Inhibiting Pesticide Toxicity; and numerous chemical-specific case studies. Managing Hazardous Materials Incidents is a three-volume set of recommendations for on-scene (prehospital) and hospital medical management of patients exposed during a hazardous materials incident. Volumes I and II are planning guides to assist first responders and hospital emergency department personnel in planning for incidents that involve hazardous materials. Volume III— Medical Management Guidelines for Acute Chemical Exposures—is a guide for health care professionals treating patients exposed to hazardous materials. …

/pdf/toxicological-profile-for-naphthalene-1-methylnaphthalene-5a0dq2byp1.pdf

Toxicological profile for naphthalene, 1-methylnaphthalene, and 2-methylnaphthalene

Concentration and subcellular distribution of trace elements in liver of small cetaceans incidentally caught along the Brazilian coast.

Skin biopsy as a nondestructive tool for the toxicological assessment of endangered populations of pinnipeds: preliminary results on mixed function oxidase in Otaria flavescens.

Fingerprint of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in two populations of southern sea lions (Otaria flavescens)

Skin biopsy as a nondestructive tool for the toxicological assessment of marine mammals population

Use of nondestructive biomarkers and residue analysis to assess the health status of endangered species of pinnipeds in the south-west Atlantic

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Skin biopsy as a nondestructive tool for the toxicological assessment of endangered populations of pinnipeds: preliminary results on mixed function oxidase in Otaria flavescens.

Fingerprint of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in two populations of southern sea lions (Otaria flavescens)

Skin biopsy as a nondestructive tool for the toxicological assessment of marine mammals population

Use of nondestructive biomarkers and residue analysis to assess the health status of endangered species of pinnipeds in the south-west Atlantic