Simple Summary The involvement of women in livestock production is a tradition around the world, where women have been associated with small animal farming, mainly based on family production systems. They used to be responsible for animal care (feeding and milking) and family care (children and the elderly), with the working hours exceeding the daily working time defined in developed countries. Men are responsible for the farm’s management and finances. In Europe, small ruminants are mainly raised in adverse environments. Nevertheless, they contribute to maintaining an open environment and the prevention of fire damage in times of drought. On the farms studied, a lower incidence of mastitis in goats was found when a woman worked on the farm (they milk with more care and patience). In this study, there is a predominance of farms with women and men (a family unit), where the genders both equally participate when making decisions that involve household expenses; however, this shared control usually ends up being transferred to the man. In addition, very few women are the owners of farms or make binding decisions. Finally, the inclusion of women should be recommended throughout the small ruminant productive process: this would help improve farming results and provide an incentive to keep women in rural areas. Abstract One of the factors involved in goat milk production is the role of women as farmers. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of women on dairy goat farms, considering: (1) the profile of women occupationally involved, (2) the organization of the women’s work, (3) the degree of involvement by women in the decision-making on these farms, and (4) the influence of women’s work on productive results. This study was conducted on 52 dairy goat farms in southern Spain. A descriptive analysis and means comparisons were performed to describe the farms where any women were involved or not. In 61.5% of the farms, at least one woman was involved, with an age of 42.2 ± 8.8 years. Very few women were farm owners, although women took binding decisions in 81.25% of these farms. Their work is dedicated to milking and caring for the kids. Women had a positive influence on the productive variables analysed, and for mastitis in herds, the incidence was lower in herds where women participated (p < 0.01). In conclusion, it is recommended to include women’s work as a factor when characterizing dairy goats farms’ systems to evaluate their positive effect on a farm’s performance.

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The Role of Women on Dairy Goat Farms in Southern Spain

Livestock is contributing to gross domestic product at a higher rate as compared to other constituents of agriculture in Pakistan. Livestock includes cattle, goats, sheep, mules, horses, asses, among others that are the source of earning for villagers. The villagers mostly depend on livestock for their livelihood. People of Pakistan prefer goat meat than beef or sheep meat. Damani is a goat native to Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan, mainly in the districts of Bannu, Dera Ismail Khan, and Peshawar. Damani is a medium-to-small-sized goat with developed udder and contributes through meat, milk, skin, and hair with significant economic value. The local farmers, especially the women, are earning by selling their goats and their dairy products. The well-adapted Damani goat with all its benefits to local people demands to conserve this valuable resource along with maintenance of nucleus herds and proper breeding strategies. The government institutes and private sector should also contribute toward the farmer’s education and training for adapting modern husbandry and breeding techniques to improve the productive capacities of Damani breed.

Rearing and Breeding Damani Goats in Pakistan

The migratory system of sheep rearing takes two forms i.e., temporary and permanent migration. In temporary migration, due to lack of fodder and grazing lands in their natives shepherds migrate with their flock during the rabi season and return to their natives along with their flock during the onset of monsoon. During this period shepherds move from one place to another for 6-7 months relying on the crop residues of cultivated lands for feeding their sheep. In this type of migration the men may or may not be accompanied by their families. Other families may stay in their native place being engaged in agricultural work or agricultural wage earners. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 10 Number 02 (2021) Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com

/pdf/participation-of-shepherd-families-in-migratory-deccani-57zjq1dzn1.pdf

Participation of Shepherd Families in Migratory Deccani Sheep Rearing

Proper animal feeding practices play a fundamental role in enhancing livestock health and maximizing output. Given the governmental restrictions on green fodder cultivation in Saudi Arabia (SA) due to water conservation efforts, the use of compound feed could serve as a viable alternative for livestock farmers. This study aimed to investigate livestock farmers' farming objectives, their feeding management strategies, and the uptake of compound feed in the country. Data from 650 randomly selected livestock farmers were collected through an online survey with the assistance of the Ministry of Environment, Water and Agriculture. The findings showed that most farmers raised sheep and goats for trade purposes using specialized farms and desert grazing. Alfalfa hay was widely used as a fodder along with barley grain. While approximately 47% of the farmers did not utilize compound feed, 44% reported its usage. Binary logistic regression analysis indicated that formal education, farming experience, and income level significantly influenced the adoption of compound feed among livestock farmers. These results underscore the critical role of education and financial resources in promoting the use of compound feed among livestock farmers in SA. It is recommended that government institutions should develop initiatives to educate farmers on proper animal nutrition practices and provide financial support to make compound feed more affordable for low-income farmers. The widespread use of compound feed has the potential to enhance livestock health and productivity, thereby positively contributing to the food security of SA. 

pdf/optimizing-animal-care-through-compound-feed-management-in-12q3uzhpxw.pdf

Optimizing animal care through compound feed management in Saudi Arabia

A research on gender in sheep and goat keeping was conducted in Namakkal district of Tamil Nadu to assess gender roles in participation and decision making. Data was collected from the sample size of 233 respondents using a well structured pretested interview schedule. The study revealed that most of the regular activities in sheep and goat keeping were performed by women while the occasional activities by men, although, women participated to a certain extent. Decisions on all the regular activities were taken independently by women. It could be concluded that there existed a definite division of labor among males and females in performing sheep and goat keeping activities and independence in decision making both by men and women with regard to sheep and goat keeping activities.

Gender Analysis in Participation and Decision Making Pattern in Small Ruminants Production System - Tamil Nadu

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Gender Analysis in Participation and Decision Making Pattern in Small Ruminants Production System - Tamil Nadu