Protein levels in diets for European pigs in the tropics. 2. The effect of lysine and methionine supplementation on the protein requirement of growing pigs

A sound nutrition programme, which allows the understanding of the interaction between nutrients and requirements for different levels of production, is essential for raising swine profitably. Nutrient requirement is that amount of each essential nutrient that will result in maximum production with a minimum of feeding. Hence, high quality feeds containing the essential nutrients in the amounts necessary to meet the animal’s requirements must be provided, in order to attain an optimal rate and efficiency of growth from birth to market. The formulation of balanced diets that provide the correct amounts and proportions of these nutrients is essential to support the requirements for maintenance, growth and reproduction of the animal. It is only then that the feeding programme can be said to have a major impact on the performance and the overall profitability of the swine herd. The scarcity of conventional feeds has hindered the growth and development of the livestock industry in Nigeria. The general shortage of energy and protein feeds appear to be more severe for non-ruminants that depend to a great extent on compounded feeds, especially pigs, which are bulk feeders. There are a number of agro-industrial by-products, farm waste or crop residues that have been exploited as alternative feed sources for the high energy cereals. This has made a substantial contribution towards better and more economic feeding of non-ruminants. However, fibrousness, a feature of most locally available agroindustrial by-products and wastes has limited their use.

/pdf/energy-and-protein-requirements-of-pigs-and-the-utilization-2chwuw2x0v.pdf

Energy and protein requirements of pigs and the utilization of fibrous feedstuffs in Nigeria: A review

A total of 142 pigs, born at four different times of the year, were slaughtered between 1 and 9 months of age to study the effects of season of birth and sex on heart weight and body weight in the equatorial climate of southern Nigeria. Analysis of log e heart or body weight showed that season of birth influenced heart and body growth ( P P > 0·05). Allometric regression analyses for heart and body weight showed no seasonal effects but there was a small but significant sex effect ( P Pigs reared in this equatorial climate appeared to have higher heart weights relative to body weights than those reared in temperate regions. The highest recorded proportional value of 0·0032 is outside the range of 0·0023 to 00028 recorded in temperate regions. This suggests a probable physiological adaptation to increased work load on the heart under warm tropical conditions.

Effect of season of birth and sex on heart weight and body weight and their interrelationship in pigs reared in the tropics

Forty-eight Large White × Landrace weanling pigs weighing initially 9·69 (s.e. 013) kg were used to evaluate the dietary methionine requirements of weanling European pigs reared under a humid, lowland, tropical environment. Response criteria used were growth rate, efficiency of food conversion, carcass quality, and the weights of some organs and individual muscles. The pigs (three male castrates and three females per treatment) were given a cassava flour-soya bean meal diet containing 202 g crude protein per kg dry matter and supplemented with increments of multiples of 0·8 g DL-methionine per kg diet. Total dietary methionine levels ranged from 2·3 to 7·9 g per kg diet dry matter. All diets contained 14·75 MJ digestible energy per kg dry matter. The experiment lasted 42 days, at the end of which the pigs were slaughtered at an average live weight of 17 kg.Growth rate and feed efficiency were significantly improved when the basal diet was supplemented with DL-methionine (P< 0·001). No significant treatment differences in organ weight were found. Methionine requirement was significantly influenced by sex and age of the pigs, with castrates having lower requirements than females. Pooled estimated methionine requirements for optimum growth rate and efficiency of food conversion were 4·0 and 4·3 g/kg diet dry matter respectively. Maximum proportion of lean was recorded on the diet containing 3·1 g total methionine per kg dry matter.

Methionine requirements of weanling European pigs given cassava flour/soya bean meal diets

A thesis submitted to the Department of Animal Science,
Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology
In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree
Of

MASTER OF PHILOSOPHY 
(Animal Nutrition and Management)August 2013

Growth Performance, Blood Profile and Carcass Characteristics of Growing Pigs Fed Diets Containing Varying Levels of Soybean Milk Residue (SBMR)

Determination of the optimum crude protein requirement of pigs in a tropical environment

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Determination of the optimum crude protein requirement of pigs in a tropical environment