Mercury is a well-known toxic element and it has been claimed that 75,000 new-born babies in USA alone are at risk of neurological diseases due to high mercury concentration in their mothers' bloodstream during pregnancy. The preventative measures of mercury need to start from the detection and removal of the elemental form as (i) it represents 66–94% of anthropogenic air emissions, (ii) is hard to detect/remove and (iii) it can travel over long distances globally before converting to more toxic forms (oxidized/organic mercury). Therefore elemental mercury needs to be detected and removed at its point source before it can be converted into the more toxic compounds. Here, we undergo a comprehensive review on the development and progress of solid-state-based elemental mercury vapor sensors which stand out from the well-established area of mercury ion sensing.

Nano-engineered surfaces for mercury vapor sensing: Current state and future possibilities

The amalgamation of elemental mercury (Hg) with gold (Au) thin-films is a commonly utilized mechanism for sensing Hg vapor in air. In this work, we investigate and compare the sensing mechanisms of a resistive based sensor and a quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) which both employ an Au thin-film sensitive layer which was deposited under identical conditions. Both sensors were tested concurrently at several operating temperatures ranging between 30 and 130°C. Contrary to models described in the literature, which suggests that the response profile should be independent of sensing platforms, this work clearly shows that the mechanisms are different for the two tested platforms. The QCM is shown to primarily respond to the surface bound Hg, including Hg-Hg bonds, whereas the resistive wheatstone-bridge device primarily responds to Hg diffused into the Au sensitive layer, resulting in different transient responses for the same Hg concentration under identical conditions for each sensor platform.

P2.9.12 A Cross-Platform Investigation of Hg-Au Response Profiles

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P2.9.12 A Cross-Platform Investigation of Hg-Au Response Profiles