Soil Chemical Analysis

Sensitivity of labile carbon fractions to tillage and organic matter management and their potential as comprehensive soil quality indicators across pedoclimatic conditions in Europe

Soil Quality: For Crop Production and Ecosystem Health

To improve C sequestration in soils and mitigate climate change, it is essential to understand how nutrient management strategies impact on soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks and labile fractions. This study was designed to explore changes in soil bulk density (BD), SOC concentrations, SOC stocks and soil labile organic C fractions (mineralizable C (Cmin), microbial biomass C (MBC), dissolved organic C (DOC), particulate organic C (POC), light fraction organic C (LFOC) and permanganate oxidizable C (KMnO 4 -C)) under 26-year fertilization regimes in a wheat-maize rotation system in the North China Plain. Soil from the following six treatments was analyzed: (1) Control with no amendment addition (CK); (2) Standard rate of mineral fertilizer treatment (SMF) reflecting local farmers' practice; (3) Standard rate of organic manure treatment (SMA) with total N input equal to SMF; (4) Half the standard rate of mineral fertilizer plus half the standard rate of organic manure treatment (1/2 SMF + 1/2 SMA); (5) Double standard rate of mineral fertilizer treatment (DMF); (6) Double standard rate of organic manure treatment (DMA). Results showed that all long-term fertilization regimes significantly decreased BD in topsoil compared to CK except for SMF, with treatments that included organic manure resulting in the lowest BDs. Treatments that included organic manure had significantly higher SOC concentrations and stocks than mineral or unfertilized treatments. The organic manure treatments also had higher concentrations of non-labile C but at the same time a higher proportion of labile C than the mineral or unfertilized treatments. This was confirmed by the carbon management index (CMI) which was significantly increased by organic manure addition. Control and mineral fertilized treatments had higher efficiencies of C retention (RE) from added inputs (crop residues only). Differences in Cmin, POC and KMnO 4 -C were affected by differences in MA-C, however, changes in rhizodeposition-C, stubble-C and root-C significantly affected DOC, MBC and LFOC. This study demonstrates that fertilization strategies that include organic manure can increase the pool of stable C in the surface soil layer, while at the same time increasing concentrations and proportions of labile C. Organic manure use can therefore contribute to improved nutrient cycling services and higher soil quality in the North China Plain.

/pdf/soil-labile-organic-carbon-fractions-and-soil-organic-carbon-1esusgj1p4.pdf

Soil labile organic carbon fractions and soil organic carbon stocks as affected by long-term organic and mineral fertilization regimes in the North China Plain

Ecological restoration of an acidic Cd contaminated soil using bamboo biochar application

Crop residues under different water regimes can cause significant alterations in soil organic carbon fractions, and in turn, soil-atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. To evaluate the effect of rice straw application on CO2 emissions and labile organic carbon fractions under different water regimes, an incubation experiment was conducted for 90 days. Ten treatments were developed from the interaction between five water levels (100, 85, 70, 55, and 40 % of water-holding capacity (WHC)) with and without incorporation of rice straw. Peaks of CO2 fluxes were observed after 13 days of rice straw incorporation, which decreased gradually till the end of the incubation period. The incorporation of rice straw caused significant increases in CO2 fluxes by 2.77-2.83 times from the paddy soil. In the presence of rice straw, the highest CO2 fluxes were generally observed at W3 (70 % of WHC), whereas the lowest fluxes were occurred at W1 (100 % of WHC). Addition of rice straw under a range of water regimes markedly improved the transformation of soil organic carbon and labile organic carbon pools such as dissolved organic carbon, microbial biomass carbon, light fraction organic carbon, particulate organic carbon, and permanganate oxidizable carbon. The significant correla- tions between all labile soil organic carbon fractions and CO2 concentrations confirmed their important roles in the emission of CO2 from the paddy soil. In summary, the results suggest that light fraction organic carbon, particu- late organic carbon, and permanganate oxidizable carbon were more sensitive indicators for CO2 emissions and organic matter alterations as compared to other carbon fractions.

/pdf/changes-of-co2-emission-and-labile-organic-carbon-as-43a43v7p4h.pdf

Changes of co2 emission and labile organic carbon as influenced by rice straw and different water regimes

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Changes of co2 emission and labile organic carbon as influenced by rice straw and different water regimes