The aim of this study was to review the literature and evaluate the failure rates and factors that affect the stability and success of temporary anchorage devices (TADs) used as orthodontic anchorage. Data was collected from electronic databases: MEDLINE database and Google Scholar. Four combinations of term were used as keywords: “micro-implant”, “mini-implant”, “mini-screw”, and “orthodontics”. The following selection criteria were used to select appropriate articles: articles on implants and screws used as orthodontic anchorage, published in English, with both prospective and retrospective clinical and experimental investigations. The search provided 209 abstracts about TADs used as anchorage. After reading and applying the selection criteria, 66 articles were included in the study. The data obtained were divided into two topics: which factors affected TAD success rate and to what degree and in how many articles they were quoted. Clinical factors were divided into three main groups: patient-related, implant related, and management-related factors. Although all articles included in this meta-analysis reported success rates of greater than 80 percent, the factors determining success rates were inconsistent between the studies analyzed and this made conclusions difficult.

A Brief Review on Micro-Implants and Their Use in Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics

In the orthodontic world paradigms have started to shift since the invention of mini-plates in the anchorage armamentarium. Miniplates as bone-borne anchor unit have enabled us with management of wider discrepancies than those with tooth-borne anchor unit by conventional biomechanics. Miniplate enables clinicians for having good control over tooth movement and anchorage control in three dimension that is sagittal, vertical and transverse plane. This present literature review will explain about how the skeletal anchorage system is versatile with usage of miniplates for the correction of malocclusion, emphasising on orthodontic and orthopedic movements within three dimensions. Management of impacted teeth and adult orthodontics along with periodontal conditions is also explained in this review.

/pdf/skeletal-anchorage-system-miniplates-an-orthodontic-5c801dp206.pdf

Skeletal Anchorage System [Miniplates] - An Orthodontic Perspective - A Review

Objective:  To compare the initial failure rate (≤4 months) for extra-alveolar mandibular buccal shelf (MBS) miniscrews placed in movable mucosa (MM) or attached gingiva (AG). Materials and Methods:  A total of 1680 consecutive stainless steel (SS) 2 × 12-mm MBS miniscrews were placed in 840 patients (405 males and 435 females; mean age, 16 ± 5 years). All screws were placed lateral to the alveolar process and buccal to the lower first and second molar roots. The screw heads were at least 5 mm superior to the soft tissue. Loads from 8 oz–14 oz (227 g–397 g, 231–405 cN) were used to retract the mandibular buccal segments for at least 4 months. Results:  Overall, 121 miniscrews out of 1680 (7.2%) failed: 7.31% were in MM and 6.85% were in AG (statistically insignificant difference). Failures were unilateral in 89 patients and bilateral in 16. Left side (9.29%) failures was significantly greater (P < .001) compared with those on the right (5.12%). Average age for failure patients was 14 ± 3 years. C...

Primary failure rate for 1680 extra-alveolar mandibular buccal shelf mini-screws placed in movable mucosa or attached gingiva

Actualmente los dispositivos de anclaje esquelético temporal palatinos se han convertido en una herramienta importante en los tratamientos de ortodoncia y han creado un cambio en la biomecánica y el anclaje, obteniendo ahora movimientos antes limitados; por ello esta revisión bibliográfica tiene como objetivo evaluar la estabilidad de miniimplantes en el paladar como método de anclaje mediante una revisión narrativa e informativa, considerando investigaciones sobre el tema, en buscadores científicos como PubMed, Scopus, Portal regional BVS, Ovid, Taylor & Francis Online y Web of Science; donde se demuestra que paladar es un hueso con  adecuada altura y espesor óseo para la colocación de miniimplantes, debido a sus características morfológicas y anatómicas especialmente en las zonas del paladar medioanterior y paramediano.

Estabilidad de miniimplantes en el paladar como método de anclaje. Revisión narrativa

Temporary Skeletal Anchorage Techniques.

Orthodontic skeletal anchorage: Up-to-date review

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Orthodontic skeletal anchorage: Up-to-date review