Novel potential carriers for non-invasive drug delivery were prepared from polyoxyethylene(20) oleyl ether (C18:1EO20) and soybean phosphatidylcholine (SPC) in different relative molar ratios, Re; this produced stiff SPC liposomes (2rves , 120 nm) at one end and much smaller (2rmic # 15 nm), comparably non-deformable, mixed micelles at the other end of aggregate spectrum. Deformability of the mixed amphiphat vesicles (2rv , 105 nm) existing in-between increases with Re non-linearly, up to a quasi-plateau at Re $ R sat ¼ 0.25 in the bilayer. The surfactant-saturated bilayers exhibit bending rigidity of kc , 2.1 kBT, as determined with an improved vesicle adaptability assay involving analysis of normalised flux density through a nanoporous barrier as an activated transport process. Pore penetrability vs. driving pressure data measured with the mixed amphiphat vesicles resemble results of computer simulation of deformable vesicles penetrating a constriction [Gompper G, Kroll DM. 1995. Driven transport of fluid vesicles through narrow pores. Phys Rev E Stat Phys Plasmas Fluids Relat Interdiscip Topics. 52:4198-4208], confirming basic similarity of both processes. The improved assay can reveal partial lipid solubilisation at Re . R sat , which is linearly proportional to Re 2 R sat .C 18:1EO20-SPC mixed vesicles that can cross narrow pores are arguably suitable for targeted drug delivery across intact skin.

Adaptability and elasticity of the mixed lipid bilayer vesicles containing non-ionic surfactant designed for targeted drug delivery across the skin.

1. Droplets: Capillarity and Wetting.- 2. Fractals.- 3. Small Volumes and Large Surfaces: The World of Colloids.- 4. The Physicochemistry of Surfactants.- 5. From Giant Micelles to Fluid Membranes: Polymorphism in Dilute Solutions of Surfactant Molecules.- 6. Polymers Formed from Self-Assembled Structures.- 7. Polymer Materials.- 8. Polymer Solutions: A Geometric Introduction.- 9. Liquid Crystals: Between Order and Disorder.

Soft matter physics = 软物质物理学

Thermodynamics describes a system on the macroscopic scale, yet it is becoming an important tool for the elucidation of many specific molecular aspects of membrane properties. In this note we discuss this application of thermodynamics, and give a number of examples on how thermodynamic measurements have contributed to the understanding of specific membrane phenomena. We mainly focus on non-specific interactions of bilayers and small molecules (water and solutes) in the surrounding solvent, and the changes in membrane properties they bring about. Differences between thermodynamic and stoichiometric (structural) definitions of non-specific binding or partitioning are emphasized, and it is concluded that this distinction is important for weak, but not for strong, interactions.

Experimental approaches to membrane thermodynamics

The theoretical framework developed in the accompanying publication is applied to a number of experimentally relevant amphiphilic systems. These include the influence of thermodynamic conditions and non-ideal mixing on bending elasticity, ellipsoidal modes of microemulsions and vesicles, hydrocarbon chain coupling in bilayers and the effect of osmotic and hydrostatic pressure on inverse hexagonal (H II) phases. It is found that the bending moduli at constant surface tension and constant chemical potentials are markedly different only for two-component membranes and non-ideal mixing with a tendency towards phase separation. The results indicate that non-ideal mixing is the main reason behind the experimentally observed strong compositional dependence of membrane elasticity. It is generally recommended to prefer the bending elastic moduli at constant chemical potentials to those at constant surface tension. A comparison between the area-difference-elasticity (ADE) model and explicit free energy calculations using a molecular model shows a good qualitative agreement for the sphere-to-ellipsoid transition of vesicles. Results for different free energy models of the hydrocarbon chains of amphiphilic molecules suggest that monolayer-monolayer chain coupling is responsible for the relatively higher bending stiffness of bilayers compared to single monolayers. For H II-phases an instability at negative pressure differences is predicted.

Thermodynamics of membrane elasticity--a molecular level approach to one- and two-component fluid amphiphilic membranes, part II: applications.

Phospholipid Encapsulation Properties and Effects on Microbubble Stability and Dynamics

/pdf/phospholipid-encapsulation-properties-and-effects-on-1eysl0jpjm.pdf

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Thermodynamics of membrane elasticity--a molecular level approach to one- and two-component fluid amphiphilic membranes, part II: applications.