A giant radio outburst was observed from the X-ray source Cygnus X-3 on September 2, 1972. Flux density measurements were obtained at 10,522, 6,630 and 3,240 MHz as well as linear polarization measurements at 10,522 MHz. The evidence suggests a model of synchrotron radiation from an expanding cloud of relativistic particles. A computed upper limit for the source distance of ≤400 kpc implies that the source of the radio emission is galactic.

Discovery of Giant Radio Outburst from Cygnus X-3

Observations made at Green Bank confirm the findings of Gregory et al.

Unusual Radio Events in Cygnus X-3

THE radio outbursts1 of Cygnus X-3 have been observed at several frequencies since September 4, 1972. We have made measurements of the flux density variations at 5.0, 2.7 and 1.4 GHz and the position and an upper limit to the angular size at 5 GHz; in addition the HI absorption spectrum has been determined and upper limits have been placed on the flux densities at 150 and 81.5 MHz. The instruments used were the Five-Kilometre (5 GHz), One-Mile (2.7 and 5 GHz) and Half-Mile (1.4 GHz) telescopes, the 4C antenna (150 MHz) and the 4½ acre array (81.5 MHz).

Observations of Cygnus X-3 at the Mullard Radio Astronomy Observatory

Extensive radio observations during September and October 1972 show the behaviour of the Cyg X-3 outburst at 1.4 and 2.7 GHz. Neutral hydrogen absorption measurements place a lower limit of 10±1.5 kpc on the distance of the radio source. No pulsations were detected.

Westerbork and Effelsberg observations of Cygnus X-3

FOLLOWING notification by P. C. Gregory of the discovery of the radio outburst in Cygnus, we attempted to detect a visible object at the radio position over 6 nights, at several wavelengths from the blue to the near infrared. Direct photographs were taken with the Palomar 48-inch Schmidt camera and measurements were made at the prime focus of the 200-inch telescope with a new integrating two-dimensional silicon vidicon photometer1. The relevant data are given in Table 1.

Search for a Visible Counterpart of the September 2,1972 Radio Outburst in Cygnus

Braes and Miley1, using the Westerbork synthesis array operating at 1,415 MHz, have detected a variable radio source associated with the X-ray source Cyg X-3. This letter reports observations of the radio counterpart of Cyg X-3 at 2,695 and 8,085 MHz with the NRAO interferometer at spacings of 2,400, 1,900 and 500 m.

Radio observations of Cygnus X-3.

High performance calorimetry conducted at future hadron colliders, such as the FCC-hh, poses a significant challenge for applying current detector technologies due to unprecedented beam luminosities and radiation fields. Solutions include developing scintillators that are capable of separating events at the sub-fifty picosecond level while also maintaining performance after extreme and constant neutron and ionizing radiation exposure. The RADiCAL is an approach that incorporates radiation tolerant materials in a sampling 'shashlik' style calorimeter configuration, using quartz capillaries filled with organic liquid or polymer-based wavelength shifters embedded in layers of tungsten plates and LYSO crystals. This novel design intends to address the Priority Research Directions (PRD) for calorimetry listed in the DOE Basic Research Needs (BRN) workshop for HEP Instrumentation. Here we report preliminary results from an experimental run at the Fermilab Test Beam Facility in June 2022. These tests demonstrate that the RADiCAL concept is capable of<50 ps timing resolution.

Beam Test Results of the RADiCAL - a Radiation Hard Innovative EM Calorimeter

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Radio observations of Cygnus X-3.

Beam Test Results of the RADiCAL - a Radiation Hard Innovative EM Calorimeter