Freshwater shore zones are among the most ecologically valuable parts of the planet, but have been heavily damaged by human activities. Because the management and rehabilitation of freshwater shore zones could be improved by better use of ecological knowledge, we summarize here what is known about their ecological functioning. Shore zones are complexes of habitats that support high biodiversity, which is enhanced by high physical complexity and connectivity. Shore zones dissipate large amounts of physical energy, can receive and process extraordinarily high inputs of autochthonous and allochthonous organic matter, and are sites of intensive nutrient cycling. Interactions between organic matter inputs (including wood), physical energy, and the biota are especially important. In general, the ecological character of shore zone ecosystems is set by inputs of physical energy, geologic (or anthropogenic) structure, the hydrologic regime, nutrient inputs, the biota, and climate. Humans have affected freshwater shore zones by laterally compressing and stabilizing the shore zone, changing hydrologic regimes, shortening and simplifying shorelines, hardening shorelines, tidying shore zones, increasing inputs of physical energy that impinge on shore zones, pollution, recreational activities, resource extraction, introducing alien species, changing climate, and intensive development in the shore zone. Systems to guide management and restoration by quantifying ecological services provided by shore zones and balancing multiple (and sometimes conflicting) values are relatively recent and imperfect. We close by identifying leading challenges for shore zone ecology and management.

/pdf/ecology-of-freshwater-shore-zones-3gqmh6fy05.pdf

Ecology of freshwater shore zones

https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00959127/document

Biodiversity assessment following a naturality gradient of riverbank protection structures in French prealps rivers

The relationship of carabid beetle species occurrence patterns and environmental variables characterising the hydrological regime has been studied at the River Elbe in Central Germany. Both flood duration and groundwater depth had major influence on species assemblages as the ordination of study plots mainly followed a gradient along these two variables. The simultaneous ordination of the plots according to species occurrence and environmental parameters showed a highly significant joint structure with the first two axes of a co-inertia analysis, explaining >98% of the variance. A total of 27 species out of 129 caught fulfilled criteria of fidelity and specificity to the plots of the five clusters revealed by their abiotic conditions and were sufficiently abundant to be suitable indicators for one or a combination of clusters of plots.

http://www.biodiv.tu-berlin.de/fileadmin/fg74/Gerisch_et_al_2006_carabids_bioindicators.pdf

Carabid Beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae) as Indicatorsof Hydrological Site Conditions in Floodplain Grasslands

Effects of large-river restoration measures on ecological fish guilds and focal species of conservation in a large European river (Danube, Austria).

In order to assess the management success of river rehabilitation measurements it is necessary to have representative target species and objective statistical methods. In this study we, tested the validity of habitat suitability models for the riparian carabid beetle Bembidion velox in the evaluation of river bank management along the River Elbe, Germany. On the basis of seven independent data sets from different sites and years we have proven the robustness of logistic regression models with respect to their explanatory and predictive power and their applicability in the field. All models had robust explanatory power and described a strong association of B. velox with semi-terrestrial sandy open soil habitats. Transfers of model results for adult beetles to their larvae and vice versa were highly significant with “sand content” and “stem distance” as the main habitat factors for both life stages. To broaden the local explanatory power towards general predictions we performed model cross-validation in space and time. Spatial transfers produced models with excellent discrimination properties, measured by Area Under Curve (AUC) values of Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC) plots, independent of sampling designs and trapping methodology. However, the applicability of habitat models for B. velox is defined by the validity period, as the availability of suitable habitats for this species is highly temporally variable and dependent on water level. Model transfers between species also demonstrated that the chosen target species is representative for carabids with similar distribution patterns, as the single species model had high predictive power for the occurrence of a multi-species carabid group.

Habitat models for a riparian carabid beetle: their validity and applicability in the evaluation of river bank management

River regulation measures, such as groynes, severely alter hydro-morphological dynamics and subsequently habitat characteristics of riverbanks. In this study the influence of different groyne forms along the River Elbe on groyne field habitats was assessed using carabid beetle and macrozoobenthos assemblages prior to and after groyne adjustment. For analysis, 51 carabid species (n = 12,203), and 21 macrozoobenthos taxa (mean abundance 91.6 individualsm -2 ) were assessed. Species of both groups were significantly correlated with soil texture and reacted sensitively to hydro-morphological changes. The ground beetle Bembidion velox and the dragonfly Gomphus flavipes serve as indicator species for river-banks along the River Elbe. These autochthonous species are strongly adapted to sandy habitats and have become rare in German floodplains. Results show that modified groynes can increase hydro-morphological dynamics, and thus, provide suitable habitats for B. velox, G. flavipes and other characteristic species.

Distribution patterns of terrestrial and aquatic invertebrates influenced by different groyne forms along the River Elbe (Germany)

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Distribution patterns of terrestrial and aquatic invertebrates influenced by different groyne forms along the River Elbe (Germany)