Biochemical verification of tobacco use and cessation.

https://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/handle/2027.42/31860/0000810.pdf?sequence=1

Reliability of the Fagerstrom Tolerance Questionnaire and the Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence.

Background Cigarette smoking rates in schizophrenia are higher than in the general population. Objectives To determine whether cigarette smoking modifies cognitive deficits in schizophrenia and to establish the role of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) in mediating cigarette smoking–related cognitive enhancement. Design Neuropsychological assessments were performed at smoking baseline, after overnight abstinence, and after smoking reinstatement across 3 separate test weeks during which subjects were pretreated in a counterbalanced manner with the nonselective nAChR antagonist mecamylamine hydrochloride (0, 5, or 10 mg/d). Participants Twenty-five smokers with schizophrenia and 25 control smokers. Setting Outpatient mental health center. Main Outcome Measures Visuospatial working memory (VSWM) and Continuous Performance Test (CPT) scores. Results In smokers with schizophrenia and control smokers, overnight abstinence led to undetectable plasma nicotine levels and an increase in tobacco craving. While abstinence reduced CPT hit rate in both groups, VSWM was only impaired in smokers with schizophrenia. Smoking reinstatement reversed abstinence-induced cognitive impairment. Enhancement of VSWM and CPT performance by smoking reinstatement in smokers with schizophrenia, but not the subjective effects of smoking, was blocked by mecamylamine treatment. Conclusions Cigarette smoking may selectively enhance VSWM and attentional deficits in smokers with schizophrenia, which may depend on nAChR stimulation. These findings may have implications for understanding the high rates of smoking in schizophrenia and for developing pharmacotherapies for cognitive deficits and nicotine dependence in schizophrenia.

Effects of Cigarette Smoking on Spatial Working Memory and Attentional Deficits in Schizophrenia: Involvement of Nicotinic Receptor Mechanisms

Determination of the Nicotine Metabolites Cotinine and Trans-3′-Hydroxycotinine in Biologic fluids of Smokers and Non-Smokers using Liquid Chromatography - Tandem Mass Spectrometry: Biomarkers for Tobacco Smoke Exposure and for Phenotyping Cytochrome P450 2A6 Activity

How smoking affects sleep: a polysomnographical analysis

We describe a rapid, sensitive method for the routine simultaneous determination of nicotine and cotinine in 1 mL of plasma. Extraction in 10-mL screw-capped Teflon tubes with methylene chloride after deproteinization with trichloroacetic acid eliminated emulsion formation. The extract, after evaporation and reconstitution in 30 microL of mobile phase, is injected into a reversed-phase C-18 ion-pair column of an isocratic high-performance liquid-chromatographic unit. Absorbance is monitored at 256 nm. The mobile phase is a citrate-phosphate (30 mmol each per liter) buffer mixture containing 50 mL of acetonitrile and 1 mmol of sodium heptanesulfonate per liter. 2-Phenylimidazole is the internal standard. The detection limit is 1 microgram/L for nicotine and 3 micrograms/L for cotinine. The standard curve is linear from 0 to 700 micrograms/L for both compounds. The average CV for nicotine in the concentration range 0-100 micrograms/L is 6.5%, and that for cotinine in the concentration range 50-700 micrograms/L is 4%.

A high-performance liquid-chromatographic method for routine simultaneous determination of nicotine and cotinine in plasma.

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A high-performance liquid-chromatographic method for routine simultaneous determination of nicotine and cotinine in plasma.