Corrosion of metals is a serious environmental problem. Most of the corrosion inhibitors are synthetic chemicals that are hazardous to environments and expensive. Today, there has been an increasing search for green corrosion inhibitors, due to the toxicity of some inhibitors. Green corrosion inhibitors are biodegradable and free of heavy metals or other toxic compounds. There is an intensive effort underway to develop new plant origin corrosion inhibitors for metal subjected to various environmental conditions. Salts of rare earth elements can be also used as inorganic alternative nontoxic corrosion inhibitors. Sol-gel coatings can be recommended as green protective films for metal corrosion. The origin of sol-gel process, its advantages and limitations, and the type of coating method are presented in this chapter, as well as a brief summary of recent literature concerning the use of hybrid inorganic-organic sol-gel and nanostructured sol-gel protective coatings for metal corrosion in different media.

/pdf/green-methods-for-corrosion-control-53xc9g8ig5.pdf

Green Methods for Corrosion Control

Corrosion is one of the major problems of mild steels in acidic medium. This can be minimized by the application of corrosion inhibitors, however; the most of inhibitors are toxic in nature. Therefore inhibitors from green sources are highly desirable to maintain the sustainability of the environmental system. Consequently, in this study ginger was selected; its juice extracted mechanically and used as an inhibitor. The different concentrations of ginger extract such as 0.25ml, 0.5ml, 0.75ml and 1ml were mixed in 0.1 M HCl solution to record the effect of inhibitor on corrosion rate at room temperature and at an elevated temperature of 50ᵒC. Electrochemical linear polarization resistance (LPR) tests were carried out to determine the corrosion rates at both temperatures with different additions of the inhibitor respectively. The LPR test uses three electrodes, first electrode of AISI 1019 (mild steel), second electrode is standard electrode of saturated calomel while the third electrode consists of graphite, which is called counter electrode, to measure potential difference. The whole assembly was dipped in the solution having varying concentration of inhibitors. The corrosion rate was found to be higher in the absence of ginger- extract. Conversely, the corrosion rate was dramatically reduced more prominently at 50oC but was less effective at Troom; with the trace-additions of ginger-inhibitor. So this research would be the good contribution to overcome the deterioration of mild steel and increase its life at ambient temperatures, by using economically available environmentally-friendly organic compound specially the use of locally available raw material should be focused.

https://journals.nust.edu.pk/index.php/njes/article/download/266/106

High Temperature Effectiveness of Ginger Extract as Green Inhibitor for Corrosion in Mild Steel

This work focused on the use of natural, and eco-friendly waste material as an inhibitor for inhibiting carbon steel corrosion. In order to obtain minimum rate of corrosion on carbon steel, optimization of the process factors that affect carbon steel corrosion was undertaken using the Response Surface Methodology (RSM). Three parameters were fluctuated viz; temperature, pumpkin pod extract concentration and time of exposure and their corresponding effects on rate of corrosion of carbon steel were ascertained. The data obtained was fitted to a model that is quadratic which was subsequently validated. The predicted lowest rate of corrosion by the model is 2.5427mm/yr with optimal conditions of 178.07ppm of pumpkin extract concentration, exposure time of 2.26hrs, and 35.28oC of temperature. The conditions were validated in three replicates and corrosion rate of 2.75mm/yr was obtained.
Keywords: corrosion, optimization, pumpkin pod, response surface methodology.

/pdf/investigation-of-pumpkin-pod-extract-as-corrosion-inhibitor-17kh7kplga.pdf

Investigation of pumpkin pod extract as corrosion inhibitor for carbon steel in HCl Solution

Green and efficient metal corrosion inhibitors are very essential, and natural okra pectin (OP) can fulfill this need with rational use of resources. OP was prepared by water-alcohol extraction method after freeze-thaw pretreatment (FTP)/sweeping frequency ultrasound pretreatment (SFUP), and used for corrosion inhibition of ANSI 304 stainless steel (304 SS) in 1 M hydrochloric acid (HCl). The molecular weight, hydrodynamic diameter and monosaccharide composition of OP were analyzed to determine the factors on the corrosion inhibition of 304 SS. During SFUP of okra, the time-domain variation of ultrasound field was monitored by piezoelectric film sensor, its frequency-domain variation was monitored by a hydrophone, and analyzed respectively by oscilloscope and spectrum analyzer. Static weight-loss method, electrochemical and microscopic analyses were used to evaluate the corrosion inhibition efficiency of OP at temperatures (25, 30, 40, 50 °C) and concentrations (0, 0.2, 0.5, 1, 2 g·L-1) to optimize corrosion inhibition performance. It was found that OP by FTP and SFUP had higher corrosion inhibition efficiency on metals in acidic environment. According to static weight-loss method, the corrosion inhibition efficiency of OP with concentration of 2 g·L-1 (25 °C) was improved to 90.27 % in the FTP group and 93.53 % in the SFUP group, which 5.14 % and 8.93 % higher than Control (without pretreatment). Meanwhile, the corrosion inhibition efficiency decreased gradually as the temperature increased. OP corrosion inhibition performance fit Langmuir adsorption isothermal model as a mixed adsorption based on physical adsorption. It was a mixed inhibitor to protect 304 SS from corrosion. 

Study of okra pectin prepared by sweeping frequency ultrasound/freeze-thaw pretreatment on corrosion inhibition of ANSI 304 stainless steel in acidic environment.

In this article, the inhibition capability of poly(epichlorohydrin) containing phenylhydrazine(PMP), 4-nitrophenylhydrazine(PMN), and 2,4- dinitrophenylhydrazine(PMDN) on mild steel was investigated in 05 M hydrochloric acid The electrochemical studies demonstrate that these polymers act as mixed-type inhibitors but increasing their concentration caused the shift of corrosion potential to cathodic potential Also, adsorption of these polymers on the mild steel surface obeys a Langmuir adsorption isotherm The results obtained from the potentiodynamic polarization and Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) are confirmed by Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM), X-ray Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS), and Mapping analysis (MAP) The results of this study indicate that samples of PMDN have the lowest corrosion speed

/pdf/electrochemical-measurements-for-the-corrosion-inhibition-of-53rfwafsld.pdf

Electrochemical Measurements for the Corrosion Inhibition of Mild steel in 0.5 M HCl Using poly(epichlorohydrin) Derivatives

In this work, the ethyl acetate extract from the gals of Pistacia atlantica has been studied as inhibitor mild steel X52 in hydrochloric acid (1M HCl) solution using weight loss, polarization and AC impedance methods have been used the corrosion inhibition efficiency increases on increasing plant extract concentration. Polarisation studies showed that Pistacia atlantica extract gals were cathodic – type inhibitors in 1M HCl. Adsorption characteristic of the extract were approxilated by the Langmuir isotherm.

Green approach to corrosion inhibition by ethyl acetate extract from Pistacia atlantica gals in hydrochloric acid solution

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Green approach to corrosion inhibition by ethyl acetate extract from Pistacia atlantica gals in hydrochloric acid solution