Translational motion in solution, either diffusion or fluid flow, is at the heart of chemical and biochemical reactivity. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) provides a powerful non-invasive technique for studying the phenomena using magnetic field gradient methods. Describing the physical basis of measurement techniques, with particular emphasis on diffusion, balancing theory with experimental observations and assuming little mathematical knowledge, this is a strong, yet accessible, introduction to the field. A detailed discussion of magnetic field gradient methods applied to Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is included, alongside extensive referencing throughout, providing a timely, definitive book to the subject, ideal for researchers in the fields of physics, chemistry and biology.

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NMR Studies of Translational Motion

A Model for Diffusive Transport through a Spherical Interface Probed by Pulsed-Field Gradient NMR

Pulsed field gradient nuclear magnetic resonance has been successfully applied to a direct and detailed experimental study of topological and dynamic aspects involved in the exchange of small, nonsorbed fluid molecules between the intraparticle pore network and the interparticle void space in chromatographic columns packed with spherical-shaped, porous particles. The approach provides quantitative data about the effective, intraparticle diffusion coefficients (and tortuosity factors) and about the associated, diffusion-limited mass transfer kinetics, including stagnant boundary layer contributions. In view of the recorded exchange kinetics, an analytical description for solute diffusion into/out of spherical particles is offered and addresses the influence of the particle size distribution and particle shape on the observed mass transfer rates and calculated diffusivities. The combined analyses of the steady-state intraparticle pore diffusion data and the associated exchange kinetics with Peclet numbers u...

Stagnant Mobile Phase Mass Transfer in Chromatographic Media: Intraparticle Diffusion and Exchange Kinetics

The influence of void space on ion transport in a composite cathode for all-solid-state batteries

Enhanced characterization of oilfield emulsions via NMR diffusion and transverse relaxation experiments.

The effective translational self-diffusion coefficient of small molecules in colloidal crystals of spherical particles is calculated. The colloidal crystal is modeled as a two-phase system. The colloidal particles are treated as immobile spheres with their centers located on the lattice points of cubic array. The diffusing molecule under consideration is characterized by both a self-diffusion coefficient and a concentration inside the colloidal particle as well as a self-diffusion coefficient and a concentration in the continuous phase. We have analyzed the results for three different cubic lattice types. For low volume fractions of colloidal particles (<0.3) the calculated self-diffusion coefficient is found to be independent of the lattice type and shows quantitative agreement with a simple cell model. (B. Jonsson, H. Wennerstrom, P.G. Nilsson, and P. Linse, Colloid Polym. Sci. 264, 77, 1986). The results of this study therefore support the analysis of experimental data on self-diffusion of small hydrophobic molecules in latex dispersions for low-volume fractions by the cell model (M. H. Blees and J. C. Leyte, J. Colloid Interface Sci. 157, 355, 1993). For higher volume fractions the behavior is found to be rather different. The self-diffusion coefficient is found to depend on the specific lattice structure of the colloidal particles, and significant deviations from the cell model result are found. Both sign and magnitude of the deviations are found to depend on the ratio of the transport coefficient of the diffusing molecule in the colloidal particles and the transport coefficient in the continuous phase.

The Effective Translational Self-Diffusion Coefficient of Small Molecules in Colloidal Crystals of Spherical Particles

The self-diffusion of relatively small amounts of various organic solvents both in water and in a colloidal dispersion of poly(butylacrylate) in water was studied by pulsed field gradient NMR. On the timescale studied (45 ms) self-diffusion was found to be dominated by exchange of solvent molecules among the colloidal particles. A pronounced dependence on the latex volume fraction was found. A conceptually simple cell model proposed by Jonnson et al. (Colloid Polym. Sci.264, 77 (1986)) was shown to be in excellent agreement with the experimental data. The partition of organic solvent between the colloidal particle and the water phase can be accurately determined solely from the self-diffusion experiment. In this manner the dynamics of the system provide an important static quantity which would otherwise be difficult to obtain experimentally.

Self-Diffusion of Small Hydrophobic Molecules in Aqueous Poly(n-Butylacrylate/Acrylic Acid) Latex Dispersions

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The Effective Translational Self-Diffusion Coefficient of Small Molecules in Colloidal Crystals of Spherical Particles

Self-Diffusion of Small Hydrophobic Molecules in Aqueous Poly(n-Butylacrylate/Acrylic Acid) Latex Dispersions