Lignocellulosic fiber reinforced composites: Progress, performance, properties, applications, and future perspectives

Alfa fibers as viable sustainable source for cellulose nanocrystals extraction: Application for improving the tensile properties of biopolymer nanocomposite films

Poly(p-phenylene-2,6-benzobisoxazole) (PBO) fibers can be applied as reinforcement to fabricate PBO/cyanate ester (CE) resin laminated composites with light weight, high specific strength & modulus, excellent dielectric properties, and extraordinary excellent thermal & humidity resistance for radome application. However, the surface of PBO fibers is extremely inert, resulting in poor interfacial compatibility to CE matrix. Besides, the toughness and wave-transparent performances of the cured CE resins need to be further improved. In this work, 2, 2-bis(3-amino-4-hydroxyphenyl) hexafluoropropane (6FAP) and terephthaloyl chloride (TPC) were performed to synthesize fluorine-containing epoxy-terminated PBO precursor (epoxy-preFPBO) via condensation reaction followed by end-group functionalization with glycidol. Afterwards, epoxy-preFPBO modified CE resins (FPBO-co-BADCy resins) were prepared by copolymerization of epoxy-preFPBO and bisphenol A cyanate ester (BADCy). FPBO-co-BADCy resins with 7 wt% epoxy-preFPBO displayed the optimal wave-transparent performances and mechanical properties. Dielectric constant (e) and dielectric loss (tanδ) is respectively 2.48 and 0.0081, and the corresponding transmittance (|T|2) at 10 MHz is 94.9%, higher than that of pure BADCy (92.7%). The corresponding flexural and impact strength was enhanced to 119.9 MPa and 12.3 kJ/m2, 21.4% and 24.5% higher than that of pure BADCy, respectively. In addition, FPBO-co-BADCy resins presented better interfacial bonding strength with PBO fibers than that of pure BADCy.

Improved wave-transparent performances and enhanced mechanical properties for fluoride-containing PBO precursor modified cyanate ester resins and their PBO fibers/cyanate ester composites

The influence of different chemical treatments on the hemp fiber/polybenzoxazine based green composites: Mechanical, thermal and water absorption properties

The new sandwich composite structure formed by basalt fiber resin-based sheets and Nomex honeycomb has the advantages of being lightweight and environmentally friendly, as well as having excellent electromagnetic performance. It has very important application prospects in traditional and emerging fields. In this paper, the mechanical properties of this new sandwich composite structure are studied. The results show that, under the condition of flatwise compression, increasing the height of the honeycomb is conducive to improving the compressive capacity of the structure. However, the height should be controlled within a certain range in case of instability and yield of the honeycomb; under the bending conditions, the bending failure mode of the composite structure has gone through five stages. Owing to the honeycomb manufacturing process, the orientation of the honeycomb also has a great influence on the bending strength of the structure. After further analysis, it is found that basalt fiber sheets contribute the most to the bending stiffness of the structure, and the main role of honeycomb is to provide out-of-plane support. In both cases, the failure of specimens is ductile, and the combined structure still has a small amount of bearing capacity and maintains structural integrity. Research on this new type of composite structural material is very beneficial for promoting the application and development of green and lightweight special functional materials.

Experimental Study on Mechanical Properties of the Sandwich Composite Structure Reinforced by Basalt Fiber and Nomex Honeycomb.

Dielectric properties on natural fibres reinforced unsaturated polyester were investigated. Dielectric spectra were measured in the frequency range from 10−1 Hz to 106 Hz and temperature interval from 40 °C to 150 °C. For the composite, three relaxation processes were identified. The first one is the α mode relaxation associated with the glass transition of the unsaturated polyester resin matrix. The second relaxation process associated with conductivity occurs as a result of the carriers charges diffusion noted for high temperature above glass transition and low frequencies. As for the third process, it is the interfacial or Maxwell–Wagner–Sillars (MWS) relaxation that is attributable to the accumulation of charges at the natural fibres/polyester resin interfaces. The third relaxation (MWS) was analysed using the Havriliak–Negami model and its intensity was calculated in order to probe the interfacial region between fibres and matrix. This analysis was accomplished by a thorough study of the fibres/matrix interfacial adhesion aspect, by using a differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) and a scanning electron microscope (SEM) observation.

Studies of dielectric relaxation in natural fibres reinforced unsaturated polyester

In this work, we undertook a comparative study of the dynamic dielectric analysis of two composites: natural-fiber-reinforced unsaturated polyester (NFRUP) and E-glass-mat-reinforced unsaturated polyester (EGMRUP). In both composites, two common relaxation processes were identified, the first of which was the α-mode relaxation associated with the glass transition of the matrix. The second one was associated with conductivity that occurred because of the carriers' charge diffusion and was observed at temperatures above the glass transition and at low frequencies. However, the interfacial or Maxwell–Wagner–Sillars polarization was noticed only in the NFRUP composite. This dielectric study also revealed that compared to E-glass fibers, natural fibers enhanced the thermal insulation in the composite. Also, the study of the fiber adhesion in the matrix with scanning electron microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and tensile testing revealed a great compatibility of the fibers with the matrix in both composites. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013

Comparative Study of the Dielectric Properties of Natural-Fiber-Matrix Composites and E-Glass-Matrix Composites

Effect of wool fibers on thermal and dielectric properties of Alfa fibers reinforced polyester composite

Dielectric study was investigated in order to probe the interfacial region fibers/matrix of the polyester composite reinforced with alfa/wool/thermo-binder fibers. Dielectric spectra were measured in the frequency range from 10−1 Hz to 106 Hz, and temperature interval from 40 °C to 150 °C. This study revealed the presence of two dielectric relaxations in the composite. While the first one was attributed to the α mode relaxation associated with the glass transition of the matrix, the second was associated with the conductivity resulting from the carriers' charges diffusion noted for high temperature above glass transition and low frequencies. As this study did not show the presence of the interfacial polarization effect in the composite, it was accomplished with the vibrational study using the FT-IR and Raman techniques. A great compatibility between fibers and matrix was proven by a less hydrophilic character of the reinforcement giving rise to additional valence vibrations from wool fibers and hydrogen bonds.

Effect of wool and thermo-binder fibers on adhesion of alfa fibers in polyester composite

The presence of wool fibres in non-woven Alfa fibres sheet was investigated as a mean of improving adhesion of Alfa fibre-reinforced unsaturated polyester composite. FT-IR and Raman spectroscopy results revealed that such improvement could occur by a decrease in the hydrophilic character of the Alfa fibres owing to the presence of wool fibres. Hence, physical and chemical interactions could happen between the reinforcement and the matrix as demonstrated by FT-IR and Raman spectroscopy results. Tensile testing performed on this composite confirmed that such adhesion could occur according to its excellent specific parameters despite of its low tensile strength attributed to a higher fibre to fibre contact of wool fibres.

Adhesion analysis of non-woven natural fibres in unsaturated polyester resin

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