This paper provides a system capable of analyzing the combinatorics of a wide range of conventionally implicated and expressive constructions in natural language via an extension of Potts's (2005) L_CI logic for supplementary conventional implicatures. In particular, the system is capable of analyzing objects of mixed conventionally implicated/expressive and at-issue type, and objects with conventionally implicated or expressive meanings which provide the main content of their utterances. The logic is applied to a range of constructions and lexical items in several languages.

doi:10.3765/sp.3.8

 BibTeX info

/pdf/varieties-of-conventional-implicature-5563s7chri.pdf

Varieties of conventional implicature

Equivalence was a key word in the linguistics-based translation theories of the 1960s and 1970s, although its basic mode of thought may be traced back to Cicero and later to the Renaissance theories that began to presuppose languages of equal status. Close inspection reveals that some theories assume pre-existing equivalents and are thus concerned with a search for “natural” equivalence. Other theories allow that translators actively create equivalents, and are thus concerned with “directional” equivalence. The first kind of equivalence is concerned with what languages ideally do prior to translation; the other deals with what they can do. These two approaches are often intertwined, giving rise to many misunderstandings and unfair criticisms of the underlying concept. The historical undoing of the equivalence paradigm came when the directional use of the term allowed that equivalence need be no more a belief or expectation at the moment of reception, which need not be substantiated on the level of linguistic forms. At the same time, source texts became less stable and languages have been returning to more visibly hierarchical relations, further undermining the concept. Contemporary localization projects may nevertheless fruitfully be interrogated from the perspective of natural and directional equivalence, since the presumptions are being used by contemporary technology precisely at the moment when the terms themselves have been dropped from critical and exploratory metalanguage.

/pdf/natural-and-directional-equivalence-in-theories-of-2x5tk2vdoy.pdf

Natural and Directional Equivalence in Theories of Translation

Notes on Contributors Introduction 1. Culture and Translation - Susan Bassnett (University of Warwick 2. Philosophy and Translation - Anthony Pym (Universitat Rovira i Virgili) 3. Linguistics and Translation - Gunilla Anderman (University of Surrey) 4. History and Translation - Lynne Long (University of Warwick) 5. Literary Translation - Theo Hermans (University College London) 6. Gender and Translation - Luise von Flotow (University of Ottawa) 7. Screen Translation - Eithne O'Connell (Dublin City University) 8. Theatre and Opera Translation - Mary Snell-Hornby (Universitat Wien) 9. Politics and Translation - Christina Schaffner (Aston University, Birmingham)BibliographyIndex

/pdf/a-companion-to-translation-studies-2vf5zzs90k.pdf

A Companion to Translation Studies

My goal in this paper is to argue that the question in the title is one that urgently needs attention from both linguists and philosophers, although I do not have an answer for it. I believe that we will not be able to find an adequate account of the semantics of propositional attitudes without a theory which reconciles the conflicting demands of the two kinds of views of what semantics is.

Semantics — Mathematics or Psychology?

Anyone who has ever tried to tell a joke in a language other than his or her own will know how easy it is for it to get lost in translation simply because what often seems so amusing in one language may just not be funny in another. The reason for this, of course, lies in the fact that verbal humor, amongst other things, depends on incongruities that are present in both the language in which it is couched and on a series of cultural features that are often specific to the source culture alone. If the joke plays on the ambiguity of a word or phrase with two or more meanings and you have the good fortune to find that the same word or phrase in the target language has exactly the same meanings as in the source language, your luck is in and your task is almost accomplished. However, in the unlikely event that the words themselves do translate in exactly the same way, the culture-specificity of the joke may well remain an insurmountable challenge. Owing to the fact that good jokes play on the combination of linguistic specificity and highly specific cultural references, recipients need to be knowledgeable enough regarding events, history, people, customs and values of the source culture to be able to know what you are talking about and recognize your attempt at nonseriousness. If you do manage to overcome all these problems with an adequate translation, whether your interlocutor will find it funny or not is yet another problem. Whichever way we look at it, verbal humor does not travel well.

The Routledge Handbook of Language and Humor

Meaning and translation: Philosophical and linguistic approaches

Meaning and Translation Philosophical and Linguistic Approaches; Edited by F. Guenthner and M. Guenthner-Reutter. --

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Meaning and translation: Philosophical and linguistic approaches

Meaning and Translation Philosophical and Linguistic Approaches; Edited by F. Guenthner and M. Guenthner-Reutter. --