This study investigates the effect of austenitising temperature (850°C, 900°C, 950°C) and austempering time (0 to 7 h) on the impact energy values of three irons containing increasing silicon contents (2.02%, 2.65%, 3.31%) and around 0.3% manganese, austempered at 360°C. It was shown that increasing the silicon content modifies the Fe-C phase diagram such that (a) a higher solution treatment temperature is required to fully austenitise the iron, and (b) the resulting austenite dissolves less carbon. Increasing the austenitising temperature simultaneously with the silicon content restores a high carbon austenite, a fully ausferritic structure and high impact properties. On the other hand, the low silicon iron austenitised at 950°C results in a microstructure containing a continuous network of intercellular austenite. This is attributed to the manganese whose segregation is more evident in the iron containing 2.02% silicon. For a given silicon content, increasing the austenitising temperature increa...

Effect of silicon content on impact properties of austempered ductile iron

Data from the literature have been analyzed to understand aspects of the retained austenite in austempered ductile irons, especially its relationship with the transformation mechanism of bainite. The final and initial carbon concentrations in austenite, 
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$$\bar C_\gamma $$

 and C
 γ
 0
 , respectively, are important in determining the maximum extent of reaction, and hence, the amount of austenite and and bainitic ferrite 
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$$\bar C_\gamma $$

 and C
 γ
 0
 data have been expressed in terms of chemical compositions and reaction temperature, with reasonable agreement between experimental and predicted results. It is demonstrated that, in connection with the lever rule, the calculated 
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$$\bar C_\gamma $$

 and C
 γ
 0
 values can be employed to predict the microstructural constituents of austempered ductile irons.

An analysis of retained austenite in austempered ductile iron

Influence of austenitising conditions and aluminium content on microstructure and properties of ductile irons

The aim of the paper was to investigate the effect of austempering parameters (time and temperature) on the microstructure and mechanical properties of ADI alloyed with 1.5% Cu and 1.6% Ni (in wt.%) in order to establish the optimal processing window. It was shown that the strength, elongation and impact energy strongly depend on the amounts of ausferritic ferrite and retained austenite. A processing window was established according to the results of the kinetics of the isothermal transformation. The results show that the processing window for ADI alloyed with Cu and Ni at 350 °C was relatively wide, while the processing window for the isothermal transformation at 400 °C becomes narrower and shifted to the left. The processing window of ADI austempered at 300 °C is also narrower, but shifted to the right towards the longer times compared to the processing window of ADI austempered at 350 °C.

Austempering kinetics of Cu-Ni alloyed austempered Ductile Iron

Effect of austenitising conditions on the impact properties of an alloyed austempered ductile iron of initially pearlitic matrix structure

The effect of austenitising temperature on the microstructure, mechanical properties, and dimensional stability of a spheroidal graphite iron containing copper and nickel has been investigated. It was found that as the temperature increased the amount of carbon taken into solution by the austenite increased thus reducing the driving force of the original austenite to bainitic ferrite and high carbon austenite. As a consequence, the amount of retained austenite increased, but its stability decreased. This placed an upper limit on the austenitising temperature and on the amount of retained austenite permissible. All properties other than hardness showed maximum values after austenitising at 900°C. It was also found that increasing the solution treatment temperature increased the dimensional stability.MST/1116

Effect of austenitising temperature on tensile properties of Cu–Ni austempered ductile iron

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Effect of austenitising temperature on tensile properties of Cu–Ni austempered ductile iron