Epoxy biocomposites were prepared using acid-, base- and silane-treated novel Caryota urens natural fibres (CUFs). The primary aim of this research is to reveal a better surface treatment method to achieve improved mechanical, thermal and fatigue properties of Caryota fibre epoxy composite system. The composites were prepared using hand layup method and post cured at 120 °C for 48 h. The tensile, flexural and impact results show that the silane surface–treated Caryota urens fibre–reinforced epoxy composite possesses improved mechanical properties than the base- and acid-treated Caryota urens fibres in the epoxy composite. Similarly, the inter-laminar shear strength (ILSS) of silane-treated Caryota urens–reinforced epoxy composite gives the highest value of 28 MPa. The TGA shows a large mass loss for both acid- and base-treated Caryota urens epoxy composites whereas the silane-treated Caryota urens in epoxy composite retains the thermal stability. The fatigue behaviour of silane surface–modified Caryota urens epoxy composite shows the highest fatigue life cycle of 18,315 for 25% of maximum tensile stress. The SEM micrographs show improved adhesion for silane-treated CUF than those treated with acid and base. This Caryota urens fibre–reinforced epoxy composite could be used in automobile body parts, domestic appliances, defence products and lightweight mini-aircrafts.

Mechanical, thermal and fatigue behaviour of surface-treated novel Caryota urens fibre–reinforced epoxy composite

Synthesis methods of hydroxyapatite from natural sources: A review

Thermal, mechanical and barrier properties of rice husk ash biosilica toughened epoxy biocomposite coating for structural application

Distinctive roles of graphene oxide, ZnO quantum dots, and their nanohybrids in anti-corrosion and anti-fouling performance of waterborne epoxy coatings

Development of highly flexible electromagnetic interference shielding composites for electronic applications using Cobalt/ Hevea brasiliensis seed husk carbon dots/Bamboo microfibre-polyvinyl alcohol

This work was carried out to investigate the possible application of the snail shell particles (SSPs) as reinforcement which contains around 95% calcium carbonate. The main objective of this work was to study the effect of heat treatment on the mechanical and thermal properties of the epoxy/SSPs composites. The composites were investigated by mechanical testing, thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry. The structural and morphological properties of the bio-composites were analyzed through Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Results demonstrate that the tensile strength of the composites increased by 21, 56 and 34%, respectively, at the loading of 5, 10 and 15 wt% of SSPs and further increased by 17% for reinforcing of 10 wt% of heat-treated SSPs. The flexural strength of the composites also increased by 116, 291, 233 and 191% for loading of 5, 10, 15 wt% SSPs and 10 wt% of sintered SSPs, respectively, compared to neat epoxy. It was found that the glass transition temperature and decomposition temperature of the composites significantly improved for incorporating SSPs into the epoxy. The onset temperature of the degradation of the composites was increased maximum by 28 °C for the addition of 10 wt% of the sintered SSPs compared with the neat epoxy. The overall mechanical and thermal properties of the composites indicate that the SSPs can be a promising green filler to develop bio-composites.

Mechanical and thermal properties of snail shell particles-reinforced bisphenol-A bio-composites

Graphene, which is made up of single-layer sp2 graphite, has stimulated the interest of researchers in a variety of application fields, including electronics, pharmaceuticals, and chemicals, due to its superior properties. Large-scale production of graphene is essential for the material to be viable and widely used. One of the most efficient methods of accomplishing a huge amount at a reasonable cost is to exfoliate graphite to produce graphene. The purpose of this paper is to analyze several exfoliation procedures based on a common mechanical and chemical mechanism, because a detailed analysis of the exfoliation phenomenon can lead to valuable insights about how to generate high-quality graphene more economically by optimizing exfoliation approaches. In this study, the focus is given on the extensively employed mechanical exfoliation, such as micromechanical cleavage method, sonication method, ball milling method, and fluid mechanics method and chemical exfoliation, such as chemical vapor deposition and chemical method. This study will also focus on the chemical functionalization of graphene, such as covalent functionalization and non-covalent functionalization. This review will give a deep knowledge about graphite exfoliation and functionalization phenomenon, which will guide in the right way for commercial bulk graphene synthesis with less defects.

Recent advances of the graphite exfoliation processes and structural modification of graphene: a review

Mechanical and thermal properties of fishbone‐based epoxy composites: The effects of thermal treatment

Rheological and antimicrobial properties of epoxy-based hybrid nanocoatings

Effects of variation of steric repulsion between multiwall carbon nanotubes and anionic surfactant in epoxy nanocomposites

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