Abstract The aim of the study was to analyse how per os application of hydrocolloids of silver nanoparticles (22 nm) and lipid-coated nanosilver hydrocolloids (5 nm) affect the microbiological status and morphology of the jejunum of broiler chickens and their growth performance. The experiment was conducted on 60 chickens. The first group was the control. The chickens in group II received a silver nanoparticle hydrocolloid (Ag-nano) at a dose of 5 mg/kg b.w./day. The chickens in group III received a lipid-coated nanosilver hydrocolloid (AgL-nano) at a dose of 5 mg/kg b.w./day. Samples of digesta were taken from the jejunum during dissection and the total numbers of fungi, aerobic bacteria and bacteria of the coli group were determined in the samples. Samples of the jejunum were also collected during dissection to determine the length of the villi and depth of the crypts. The silver nanoparticles had no effect on growth performance or the histological picture of the jejunum. An increase was noted in the total number of aerobic mesophilic bacteria and a decrease in the number of coli group bacteria, which are facultative anaerobes, which indicates that the nanosilver had a selective effect on the microflora of the digestive tract in the chickens.

/pdf/the-effect-of-chemically-synthesized-silver-nanoparticles-on-4ndj3iteo0.pdf

The effect of chemically-synthesized silver nanoparticles on performance and the histology and microbiological profile of the jejunum in chickens

Modern water treatment technology utilizing the Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor (MBBR) is based on the principle of a biological membrane — so-called biofilm — growing on the specially designed plastic parts that are immersed in the entire volume of the reactor. Currently, moving bed biofilters made solely of polymeric materials, among others polyethylene and polypropylene, are used in wastewater treatment. Wood-polymer composites (WPC) are an innovative solution in this field. In the present study, poly(vinyl chloride) was examined as a matrix of polymer-wood composites and wood chips (used on an industrial scale for the production of chipboards) as a filler. The effect of prolonged exposure to the microorganisms of activated sludge, with well-known technical and technological parameters, on the mechanical properties of composites was determined. A quantitative and qualitative analysis of newly formed biofilms was carried out. The study showed a direct effect of the filler and its particle size on the modulus of elasticity of composites as well as on the susceptibility of their surfaces to the formation of biofilm. These preliminary studies have demonstrated the applicability of WPC with PVC matrix as a material in the manufacture of substrates for biological membranes in the MBBR method.

Kompozyty polimerowo-drzewne w technologii zawieszonego złoża ruchomego

The inconvenient environmental conditions force microorganisms to colonize either abiotic surfaces or animal and plant tissues and, therefore, form more resistant structures – biofilms. The phenomenon of microbial adherence, opportunistic pathogens in particular, is of a great concern. Colonization of medical devices and biofilm formation on their surface, may lead to severe infections mainly in humans with impaired immune system. Although, current research consider various methods for prevention of microbial biofilms formation, still, once a biofilm is formed, its elimination is almost impossible. This study focuses on the overview of novel methods applied for eradication of mature opportunistic pathogens' biofilms. Among various techniques the following: cold plasma, electric field, ultrasounds, ozonated water treatment, phagotherapy, matrix targeting enzymes, bacteriocins, synthetic chemicals and natural origin compounds used for biofilm matrix disruption were briefly described.

https://www.degruyter.com/downloadpdf/j/fobio.2016.12.issue-1/fobio-2016-0003/fobio-2016-0003.xml

Methods for eradication of the biofilms formed by opportunistic pathogens using novel techniques – A review

Hydrotherapy equipment provides a perfect environment for the formation and growth of microbial biofilms. Biofilms may reduce the microbiological cleanliness of hydrotherapy equipment and harbour opportunistic pathogens and pathogenic bacteria. The aims of this study were to investigate the ability of microorganisms that colonize hydrotherapy equipment to form biofilms, and to assess the influence of temperature and nutrients on the rate of biofilm formation. Surface swab samples were collected from the whirlpool baths, inhalation equipment and submerged surfaces of a brine pool at the spa center in Ciechocinek, Poland. We isolated and identified microorganisms from the swab samples and measured their ability to form biofilms. Biofilm formation was observed at a range of temperatures, in both nutrient-deficient and nutrient-rich environments. We isolated and identified microorganisms which are known to form biofilms on medical devices (e.g. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia ). All isolates were classified as opportunistic pathogens, which can cause infections in humans with weakened immunity systems. All isolates showed the ability to form biofilms in the laboratory conditions. The potential for biofilm formation was higher in the presence of added nutrients. In addition, the hydrolytic activity of the biofilm was connected with the presence of nutrients.

The presence of biofilm forming microorganisms on hydrotherapy equipment and facilities.

Defensyny - endogenne antybiotyki peptydowe, odpowiedzialne za najstarsze mechanizmy obronne czlowieka i zwierzat

Bacterial biofilm as well as other microbial elements and mechanisms of survival in extreme conditions.

Bakteryjny biofilm oraz inne elementy i mechanizmy pozwalające na przeżycie drobnoustrojom w warunkach ekstremalnych

Niektore elementy i mechanizmy determinujace przetrwanie i rozwoj bakterii w trudnych dla nich warunkach srodowiskowych naturalnych i stworzonych przez czlowieka

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Bacterial biofilm as well as other microbial elements and mechanisms of survival in extreme conditions.

Bakteryjny biofilm oraz inne elementy i mechanizmy pozwalające na przeżycie drobnoustrojom w warunkach ekstremalnych

Niektore elementy i mechanizmy determinujace przetrwanie i rozwoj bakterii w trudnych dla nich warunkach srodowiskowych naturalnych i stworzonych przez czlowieka

Defensyny - endogenne antybiotyki peptydowe, odpowiedzialne za najstarsze mechanizmy obronne czlowieka i zwierzat