Introduction Prevalence of hypertension (HTN) is increasing in the developing countries like Iran. Various studies have reported different rates of HTN in Iran. The purpose of this study was to estimate an overall prevalence of HTN in Iran. Methodology Using the English and Persian key derived from Mesh, the databases including MagIran, Iran Medex, SID, Web of Sciences, PubMed, Science Direct and Google Scholar as a searching engine were reviewed: from 2004 to 2018. The overall prevalence of MA was estimated using Random effect model. The I2 test was used to assess the heterogeneity of the studies. Additionally, the quality of studies was evaluated using a standard tool. Publication bias was conducted with the Egger test. Meta-regression and analysis of subgroups were analyzed based on variables such as age, marital status, region and tools. Data were analyzed using STATA 12 software. Results Analysis of 58 primary articles with a sample size of 902580 showed that the prevalence of HTN in Iran was 25% (with 95% CI of 22-28). The highest prevalence of HTN was related to elderly (42%). The prevalence of HTN was 25% (95% CI: 19-31) in women and 24% (95% CI: 20-28) in men with no significant difference (p = 0.758). The results also indicated that the prevalence of HTN was not related to the year of studies (p = 0.708) or sample size (p = 769). Conclusion Despite the advancements in science and technology, along with health and prevention of diseases, the overall prevalence of HTN raised in Iran. Since HTN is a silent disease with significant health consequences and economic burden, programs designed to better HTN control seem vital to enhance community health.

Prevalence of HTN in Iran: Meta-analysis of Published Studies in 2004-2018

This study investigated and pooled the long-term trends in prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension (HTN) in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region. In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched MEDLINE/PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar, EMBASE, and Scopus between database inception and November 2020. All cross-sectional studies that investigated the prevalence of pre-HTN, HTN, awareness, treatment, and control in the MENA counties were included. The selection study, data extraction, and quality assessment were conducted by two investigators independently. Heterogeneity between studies was assessed using Cochran’s Q test and I-squared, and due to sever heterogeneity between studies, the random effect model was used to pool the estimates. Sensitivity analysis was performed to estimate the long-term trends in prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control rates of HTN according to definition of HTN as systolic blood pressure of 140 mm Hg or more, or diastolic blood pressure of 90 mm Hg or more, or being on pharmacological treatment for HTN. Overall, 178 studies met the inclusion criteria. Studies comprised 2,262,797 participants with a mean age of 45.72 ± 8.84 years. According to random effect model, the pooled prevalence of pre-HTN and HTN was 33% (95% CI 28, 39) and 26% (25, 27), respectively. Over the past three decades, prevalence of hypertension increased significantly in the region. The pooled awareness, treatment, and control rates were 50% (48, 53), 41% (38, 44), and 19% (17, 21), receptively. The pooled awareness, treatment, and control rates of HTN were lower significantly in men than women. According to definition of HTN as blood pressures above 140/90 mm Hg, over the past three decades, although the awareness and treatment rates did not change significantly, the control rates improved significantly in the region. The findings showed that HTN is a significant public health problem in the MENA region. Although there are low levels of pooled awareness, treatment, and control rates, the control rates improved over the past three decades in the region.

Long-term Trends in Hypertension Prevalence, Awareness, Treatment, and Control Rate in the Middle East and North Africa: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of 178 Population-Based Studies.

Introduction: Diabetes is a complex metabolic disease that not only inheritance, but also lifestyle and knowledge of individuals about the disease have an important role in the prevalence of it. The current study was carried out with purpose of determining the effect of training on doing diabetes prevention behaviors among students in Mashhad. Methods: In this semi- empirical study, 102 students (51 for test and 51 for control) were examined by multistage random sampling. Educational content included 4 sessions each lasted for 2 hours using methods such as lectures, question and answer, slide show about the diabetes disease, its complications and prevention methods and questionnaires were completed by students in three stages (before the intervention, immediately after intervention and two months after the intervention). Data analysis was performed by SPSS16 software and independent T, repeated measurement and descriptive tests. Results: The results of this study showed that before the training there were no significant differences between test and control groups in terms of the mean knowledge, attitude and practice score but after the training a significant increase was observed in the test group (P<0.001). Conclusion: Due to the high prevalence diabetes among people and irreparable complications of the disease in old ages, training in adolescence in order to enhance their knowledge, attitude and practice in prevention of the diabetes can be considered as an effective step.

https://ijp.mums.ac.ir/article_4168_a6c4a67e0d0287142cfddd4b76ed132f.pdf

The Effect of Training Diabetes Prevention Behaviors on Promotion of Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Students for Prevention of Diabetes in Mashhad City

Introduction: High blood pressure is one of the most important health problems in the world. In provinces of Iran, the prevalence of obesity and high blood pressure has an increasing trend. Objective: This study aimed to determine the effect of blood pressure on the population-attributable fraction of obesity and abdominal obesity in males living in Qom province, Iran. Materials and Methods: In this study, the data of non-communicable diseases surveillance in 2009 were obtained. Odds ratios using the data were obtained from Lipid and Glucose study. After standardizing the data rate based on EXCEL software, the population-attributable risk for Qom province based on the above formula was calculated. Results: In Qom province, in terms of population-attributable fraction of hypertension attributable to obesity, the highest rate of 31.07% was in males, and among males aged 55-65 years it was 10.1%. Discussion and Conclusion: Given the importance of blood pressure prevalence and the impact on cardiovascular diseases, it is necessary to prevent the spread of this disease and its risk factors such as obesity and abdominal obesity in males of Qom, taking effective measures.

The Estimated Joint Impact of Obesity and Abdominal Obesity in the Prevalence of Hypertension of Males of Qom City: The Study of Population-Attributable Fraction

Background and Aim: Foot problems are common among patients with diabetes mellitus. In most cases, these problems finally result in amputation. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of teach-back education on foot self-care among patients with type II diabetes. Methods: This controlled quasi-experimental study was conducted on 70 patients with type II diabetes referring to Birjand Diabetes Clinic, Birjand, Iran. Patients were randomly and equally assigned to the teach-back and the control groups. The study data were collected via the Orem’s nursing assessment form and a researcher-made foot self-care behaviors questionnaire. Based on patients’ educational needs and self-care deficits, foot self-care educations were provided personally and face-to-face to patients in the teach-back group in two to three sessions. Each session lasted 25– 30 minutes. Patients in the control group received only the educations which were routinely provided in the study setting. The study questionnaires were recompleted through interviewing participants seven days and also one and three months after the intervention. The analysis of the study data was performed via the SPSS software (v. 16.0). The study groups were compared regarding patients’ demographic characteristics and foot self-care behaviors scores by conducting the Chi-square, the Fisher’s exact, and the independent-samples t test. In addition, within-group comparisons were performed by doing within-group analysis of variance and the Bonferroni’s post hoc test at a significance level of 0.05. Results: The results of within-group analysis of variance and the Bonferroni’s post hoc test showed that in the teach-back group, the mean score of foot self-care at seven days and one and three months after the intervention was significantly higher than pretest readings (P<0.001). Moreover, all of the three pretest-posttest mean differences of self-care scores in the teach-back group were significantly greater than the control group (P<0.001). Conclusion: One and three months after the study intervention, the mean score of foot self-care in the teach-back group was significantly higher than both the pretest readings in the same group and the control group. These findings imply that teach-back education is effective in enhancing information retention. Using this technique in larger-scale studies is recommended for improving patients’ self-care ability.

The effect of teach-back education on foot self-care among npatients with type ii diabetes mellitus

Introduction: Since monitoring and evaluation of diabetes and hypertension in individuals/the population greatly contribute to improving both clinical care and following identification of disease in the region and even the country, and to manage prevent and control diabetes and hypertension and their risk factors, the goal of this study was to compare disease status in rural areas of Fars province and rural areas of the EMRO region. Materials and Methods: The current study is a descriptive-analytic cross sectional one that has been conducted in 2008 by randomized cluster sampling, based on data obtained from an extensive provincial screening plan for adults aged over 30 years in rural areas of Fars province. Based on these data, the prevalence of diabetes, hypertension and their risk factors were calculated and the relationship between diabetes and hypertension was determined by risk factors including age, sex, family history, and MI using Chi square and t-test and SPSS software version 17 and Minitab version, prevalences in 15 is rural areas were compared with the ones in EMRO region countries. Results: The prevalence of hypertension and diabetes rural areas of Fars province were calculated to be 21.8% and 11.14% respectively as compared with rural areas of EMRO region countries.The prevalence of diabetes was also lower on the average and the prevalence of obesity (BMI>30), was less than other countries in the region and Iran. Conclusion: In general, although, the prevalence obtained in this study was lower than other regional countries, raising a wareness in high rish groups affected public commitment to basic information transmitting to high risk classes of the society should be taken into account and commitment by the health system administration and the government to sustain monitoring of health, to ensure curtailing the burden of diabetes and hypertension and associated risk factors among countries of the region.

/pdf/the-comparison-of-prevalence-of-diabete-and-hypertension-1m1s6aklwi.pdf

The Comparison of Prevalence of Diabete and Hypertension Between Rural Areas of Fars and Rural Area of EMRO Region

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The Comparison of Prevalence of Diabete and Hypertension Between Rural Areas of Fars and Rural Area of EMRO Region