The ν -ballspectrometer is an hybrid array combining high purity co-axial germanium detectors from the french-UK loan pool, clover detectors from the GAMMAPOOL, lanthanum bromide (LaBr3:Ce) scintillator detectors belonging to the FATIMA collaboration and phoswitches from the PARIS collaboration. The aim was to couple the excellent energy resolution of germanium detectors to the excellent time resolution of the LaBr3 detectors. We achieved a total photopeak efficiency of 6.7% at 1.3 MeV, and peak-to-total ratio of 50% for the germanium part of the array. Using the digital acquisition system FASTER, we achieved time resolution of about 250 ps for LaBr3. This acquisition system made also possible the use of the calorimetry for reaction selection. It makes ν -ball the first fully digital large fast timing spectrometer with time resolution similar to analogue electronics. The construction began in June 2017 and commissioning was performed in early November 2017. From November 2017 to June 2018, more than 3200 h of beam time were provided by the ALTO facility to perform eight experiments during the campaign. Among them, five weeks of beam time were dedicated to γ spectroscopy of fast neutron induced reactions. In this paper all the technical details about the spectrometer are presented. First steps of the data analysis process are also discussed.

/pdf/the-n-ball-g-spectrometer-12u22hfd7x.pdf

The ν-ball γ-spectrometer

In order to understand the performance of the PARIS (Photon Array for the studies with Radioactive Ion and Stable beams) detector, detailed characterization of two individual phoswich (LaBr$_3$(Ce)-NaI(Tl)) elements has been carried out. The detector response is investigated over a wide range of $E_{\gamma}$ = 0.6 to 22.6 MeV using radioactive sources and employing $^{11}B(p,\gamma)$ reaction at $E_p$ = 163 keV and $E_p$ = 7.2 MeV. The linearity of energy response of the LaBr$_3$(Ce) detector is tested upto 22.6 MeV using three different voltage dividers. The data acquisition system using CAEN digitizers is set up and optimized to get the best energy and time resolution. The energy resolution of $\sim$ 2.1% at $E_\gamma$ = 22.6~MeV is measured for the configuration giving best linearity upto high energy. Time resolution of the phoswich detector is measured with a $^{60}$Co source after implementing CFD algorithm for the digitized pulses and is found to be excellent (FWHM $\sim$ 315~ps). In order to study the effect of count rate on detectors, the centroid position and width of the $E_{\gamma}$ = 835~keV peak were measured upto 220 kHz count rate. The measured efficiency data with radioactive sources are in good agreement with GEANT4 based simulations. The total energy spectrum after the add-back of energy signals in phoswich components is also presented.

Characterization of PARIS LaBr$_3$(Ce)-NaI(Tl) phoswich detectors upto $E_\gamma$ $\sim$ 22 MeV

In order to understand the performance of the PARIS (Photon Array for the studies with Radioactive Ion and Stable beams) detector, detailed characterization of two individual phoswich (LaBr3(Ce)-NaI(Tl)) elements has been carried out. The detector response is investigated over a wide range of Eγ = 0.6 to 22.6 MeV using radioactive sources and employing 11B(p,γ) reaction at Ep = 163 keV and Ep = 7.2 MeV . The linearity of energy response of the LaBr3(Ce) detector is tested upto 22.6 MeV using three different voltage dividers. The data acquisition system using CAEN digitizers is set up and optimized to get the best energy and time resolution. The energy resolution of ~ 2.1% at Eγ = 22.6 MeV is measured for the configuration giving best linearity up to high energy. Time resolution of the phoswich detector is measured with a 60Co source after implementing CFD algorithm for the digitized pulses and is found to be excellent (FWHM ~ 315 ps). In order to study the effect of count rate on detectors, the centroid position and width of the Eγ = 835 keV peak were measured upto 220 kHz count rate. The measured efficiency data with radioactive sources are in good agreement with GEANT4 based simulations. The total energy spectrum after the add-back of energy signals in phoswich components is also presented.

https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1748-0221/11/05/P05023/pdf

Characterization of PARIS LaBr3(Ce)-NaI(Tl) phoswich detectors up to Eγ ∼ 22 MeV

The Photon Array for the studies of Radioactive and Ion Stable beams (PARIS) is a multidetector of clusters. Each cluster is composed of 9 units of two-shells phoswiches of LaBr3/NaI scintillators optically coupled to one photomultiplier tube (PMT). PARIS will be used in combination with the VAMOS spectrometer at GANIL. During the experiment, PMTs will be exposed to the constant magnetic fringe fields produced by a quadrupole. Magnetic shielding is essential to efficiently lower the magnetic field inside the PMTs. ANSYS software allowed to simulate fringe fields produced by the quadrupole and to verify the impact of the shield initially foreseen. Obtained results were used to optimize and improve the geometry of the shield and to select the most efficient materials. They are an original illustration of the performance capability of ANSYS software within the fields of nuclear physics, high energy physics and medical imaging instrumentation.

Magnetic shield optimization of PMTs exposed to constant quadripolar fringe fields

The first cluster of the constructed PARIS calorimeter was assembled and tested at the γELBE facility at HZDR, Dresden, Germany The experiment was aimed at the evaluation of the performance of each detector separately as well as the whole PARIS cluster with discrete γ-ray energies seen by the PARIS ranging up to 89 MeV As the detectors use phoswich configuration, with 2" × 2" × 2" LaBr3(Ce) crystal coupled to 2" × 2" × 6" NaI(Tl) one, great care must be taken during the data analysis process to obtain the best possible values for energy resolution Two algorithms for data transformation from matrices created with slow vs fast pulse shaping to energy spectra were tested from which one was chosen for further analysis An algorithm for adding back energies of γ-rays scattered inside the cluster was prepared, as well Energy resolution for γ-rays in 2-8 MeV range was estimated and is presented in this paper

http://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1742-6596/620/1/012006/pdf

The PARIS cluster coupled to the BaFPro electronic module: data analysis from the NRF experiment at the γELBE facility

We report on tests of LaBr3:Ce-NaI:Tl phoswich detectors with-rays at various γ-ray energies, up to 22.56 MeV, using radioactive sources and nuclear reactions induced by proton beams delivered by accelerators at IFJ PAN Krakow and PLF Mumbai. Two-dimensional analysis of complex waveforms recorded with digital electronics is compared to analog discrimination methods. Both approaches allow to resolve the LaBr3:Ce and NaI:Tl signal components, and to construct clean associated γ-ray spectra. A digital algorithm to be implemented for the PARIS scintillator array is investigated.

Testing of the PARIS LaBr 3 -NaI Phoswich Detector with High Energy Gamma-rays

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Testing of the PARIS LaBr 3 -NaI Phoswich Detector with High Energy Gamma-rays