The Compact Linear Collider (CLIC) is a TeV-scale high-luminosity linear $e^+e^-$ collider under development by international collaborations hosted by CERN. This document provides an overview of the design, technology, and implementation aspects of the CLIC accelerator. For an optimal exploitation of its physics potential, CLIC is foreseen to be built and operated in stages, at centre-of-mass energies of 380 GeV, 1.5 TeV and 3 TeV, for a site length ranging between 11 km and 50 km. CLIC uses a Two-Beam acceleration scheme, in which normal-conducting high-gradient 12 GHz accelerating structures are powered via a high-current Drive Beam. For the first stage, an alternative with X-band klystron powering is also considered. CLIC accelerator optimisation, technical developments, and system tests have resulted insignificant progress in recent years. Moreover, this has led to an increased energy efficiency and reduced power consumption of around 170 MW for the 380 GeV stage, together with a reduced cost estimate of approximately 6 billion CHF. The construction of the first CLIC energy stage could start as early as 2026 and first beams would be available by 2035, marking the beginning of a physics programme spanning 25-30 years and providing excellent sensitivity to Beyond Standard Model physics, through direct searches and via a broad set of precision measurements of Standard Model processes, particularly in the Higgs and top-quark sectors.

The Compact Linear Collider (CLIC) – Project Implementation Plan

Understanding the effects of rf breakdown in high-gradient accelerator structures on the accelerated beam is an extremely relevant aspect in the development of the Compact Linear Collider (CLIC) and is one of the main issues addressed at the Two-beam Test Stand at the CLIC Test Facility 3 at CERN During a rf breakdown high currents are generated causing parasitic magnetic fields that interact with the accelerated beam affecting its orbit The beam energy is also affected because the power is partly reflected and partly absorbed thus reducing the available energy to accelerate the beam We discuss here measurements of such effects observed on an electron beam accelerated in a CLIC prototype structure Measurements of the trajectory of bunch trains on a nanosecond time scale showed fast changes in correspondence of breakdown that we compare with measurements of the relative beam spots on a scintillating screen We identify different breakdown scenarios for which we offer an explanation based also on measurements of the power at the input and output ports of the accelerator structure Finally we present the distribution of the magnitude of the observed changes in the beam position and we discuss its correlation with rf power and breakdown location in the accelerator structure

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Effects of rf breakdown on the beam in the Compact Linear Collider prototype accelerator structure

The probe beam Linac, CALIFES, of the CLIC Test Facility (CTF3) has been developed by CEA Saclay, LAL Orsay and CERN to deliver trains of short bunches (0.75 ps) spaced by 0.667 ns at an energy around 170 MeV with a charge of 0.6 nC to the TBTS (Two-beam Test Stand) intended to test the high gradient CLIC 12 GHz accelerating structures. Based on 3 former LEP Injector Linac (LIL) accelerating structures and on a newly developed RF photo-injector, the whole accelerator is powered with a single 3 GHz klystron delivering pulses of 45 MW during 5.5 μs to a RF pulse compression cavity and a network of waveguides, splitters, phase-shifters and an attenuator. We relate here results collected during the various commissioning and operation periods which gave stable beam characteristics delivered to the TBTS with performances close to nominal. Progress has been made in the laser system to improve the beam charge and stability, in the space charge compensation to optimize the emittance, in RF pulse shape for energy and energy spread. The installation of a specially developed RF power phase shifter for the first accelerating structure used in velocity bunching allows the control of the bunch length.

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CTF3 probe beam LINAC commissioning and operations

Several types of X-band high power loads developed for several tens of MW range were designed, fabricated and used for high power tests at X-band facility of KEK. Some of them have been used for many years and few units showed possible deterioration of RF performance. Recently revised-design loads were made by CERN and the high power evaluation was performed at KEK. In this paper, the main requirements are recalled, together with the design features. The high power test results are analysed and presented.

/pdf/high-power-evaluation-of-x-band-high-power-loads-1elejln5m3.pdf

High Power Evaluation of X-band High Power Loads

This thesis seeks to review the latest trends in hadron therapy devices, and evaluate the potential of novel, researched accelerator concepts for future application. Although the clinical benefits of hadron therapy over photon therapy is unproven or disputed for many cancer types, there are several cases where hadron therapy presents a superior option. Many governments and medical institutions are planning or already executing development of new hadron treatment facilities. However, the higher associated costs have been a formidable obstacle for hadron therapy endeavors. This may be about to change; recent years have seen the introduction of economic single-room devices, and novel accelerator concepts hold potential to reduce cost further through improved compactness. Single-room gantry-mounted cyclotrons have already entered the market at prices competitive with X-ray facilities, and advanced, compact proton and ion accelerators offering unprecedented treatment could soon be ready for commercialization. Novel accelerator research may further contribute to improve the efficacy and economic aspects of future particle therapy devices. Keywords: Hadron therapy, hadrontherapy, particle therapy, radiation therapy, medical accelerators.

Application of Novel Accelerator Research for Particle Therapy

The CLIC/CTF3 collaboration is studying the feasibility of a multi-TeV electron-positron collider, the so-called CLIC: Compact LInear Collider. The idea is to use a two-beam acceleration scheme at an RF frequency around 12 GHz. In this scheme, the RF power to accelerate the main beam is produced by a high current drive beam. To demonstrate the feasibility of this scheme, the CTF3 facility (CLIC Test Facility 3) has been constructed at CERN. Recently, the complex to generate the drive beam has been successfully commissioned producing a beam with a current 28 A. This beam is now being used to test the power production and main beam acceleration according to the two-beam scheme. The results of the test facility provide vital input for the CLIC conceptual design report that is presently being prepared.

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The CLIC feasibility demonstration in CTF3

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The CLIC feasibility demonstration in CTF3