https://repository.up.ac.za/bitstream/handle/2263/41287/LeRoux_Efficiency_2014.pdf?sequence=1

The efficiency of an open-cavity tubular solar receiver for a small-scale solar thermal Brayton cycle

This paper proposes a methodology for optimizing a class of robotic solar tracking systems with two degrees of freedom using a heuristic approach. The proposal allows a balance to be found between the energy consumption and tracking accuracy in the tracking system. The main purpose is the behavior modification of the system through the combination of two manipulation strategies, one associated with the energy savings and the other with the tracking error. The heuristic approach was implemented in a solar tracking system with the end effector connected to a solar measurement device. Four energy-saving strategies and three tracking strategies were developed, simulated, and implemented in the system. The simulation results show that the resulting strategy combination (tracking error and energy saving approach) led to 31.55% energy savings compared to the reference values, with a tracking error of 0.06°. Moreover, the experimental assessment of the same combination led to 26.98% energy is being saved, with an azimuthal tracking error of 0.062° and elevation tracking error of 0.071°. The preceding values support the aim of the presented proposal to significantly reduce energy consumption while concurrently achieving a competitive tracking error.

/pdf/a-heuristic-approach-for-tracking-error-and-energy-2pxvy55ic7.pdf

A Heuristic Approach for Tracking Error and Energy Consumption Minimization in Solar Tracking Systems

Predicting the spectral effects of soils on high concentrating photovoltaic systems

Solar Tracking Systems are useful to increase the generation efficiency of photovoltaic technology, mainly for concentration technology, where dual-axis is required on account of the high accurate alignment to the Sun. Even when there exists a strong relation between tracking error and energy efficiency, multiple technological and research developments have sought to solve these problems independently. The present research proposes a novel concurrent design methodology for optimizing the overall performance of two-axis trackers, allowing to keep a balance between the tracking error and the energy consumption from the design stage, from an optimization approach. The concurrent approach was implemented to design a Solar Tracker as a solar monitoring system, was compared with four commercial systems, obtaining a similar pointing accuracy with a mixed tracking error of 0.0942°. The system has the best energy balance, consuming only 0.9641% of the energy generated for the tracking action, below commercial models. Finally, a CO2 impact analysis was carried out, where the proposed tracker obtained the lowest value, with 25.7018 g. The results support the developed concurrent strategy for the optimization of the overall performance of dual-axis systems, allowing us to find a harmonic balance between the energy consumption and the required tracking accuracy.

Optimal Strategy for the Improvement of the Overall Performance of Dual-Axis Solar Tracking Systems

An accurate solar tracker matches array angles with solar angles throughout the day. Many studies have used the power produced by a tracked PV array as a proxy to characterize a trackerâ€™s accuracy. However, it is difficult to decouple the effects of tracker performance from other effects on power output. It was not found in the literature reviewed that there are studies that determine the accuracy of solar trackers by directly measuring the tracker angles. This study was an experiment to determine the accuracy of two small commercially available non-algorithm based solar trackers: the Zomeworks UTR-020 passive one axis solar tracker, and the Wattsun AZ-225 active electro-optical two axis solar tracker. Accuracy of the trackers was determined by measuring the tracking angles under varying conditions including direct beam irradiation (DBI) and global horizontal irradiance (GHI), and comparing to calculated sun angles. The results showed that the average azimuth angle accuracy of the Zomeworks UTR-020 is 75%, the average azimuth angle accuracy of the Wattsun AZ-225 is 88%, and the average elevation angle accuracy of the Wattsun is 89%. In addition, the results showed a weak correlation between the azimuth accuracy of the Zomeworks and DBF, a strong correlation between the azimuth accuracy of the Wattsun and DBF, and a moderate correlation between the elevation accuracy of the Wattsun and DBF. Moreover, the azimuth accuracy of the Wattsun was always higher than that of the Zomeworks under all DBF and GHI conditions.

/pdf/characteristics-of-residential-tracker-accuracy-in-4f7tl7s4t8.pdf

Characteristics of Residential Tracker Accuracy in Quantified Direct Beam Irradiance and Global Horizontal Irradiance

Tracker performance is a significant factor in the energy production of PV systems, especially concentrating photo-voltaic (CPV) systems. The nonlinear relationship between CPV optic pointing accuracy and energy production means that simple metrics such as mean pointing accuracy are not sufficient for predicting performance of these systems.

/pdf/tracker-accuracy-field-experience-analysis-and-correlation-30i2lptqhp.pdf

Tracker accuracy: field experience, analysis, and correlation with meteorological conditions

Tracker Accuracy: Field Experience and Correlation with Meteorological Conditions

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Tracker accuracy: field experience, analysis, and correlation with meteorological conditions

Tracker Accuracy: Field Experience and Correlation with Meteorological Conditions