Chapter 4 – Production of Single-Cell Protein for Use in Food or Feed

Growth of the methane utilising bacterium Methylococcus NCIB 11083 in mineral salts medium with methanol as the sole source of carbon

A methane-utilizing mixed culture isolated from activated sludge by selective enrichment at 45°C was found to consist of three interacting species: a methaneutilizing bacterium, a citrate-utilizing bacterium, and a methanol-utilizing bacterium. All three species grew well at 45°C. Three different stable mixed cultures were reconstituted by various combinations of these pure cultures. The nutritional requirements and substrate ranges for each pure culture were determined. The nutritional requirements and substrate ranges for each pure culture were determined. The saturation constant for the methane-utilizing bacterium on methane (K CH 4) and for the methanol-utilizing bacterium on methanol (K CH 3OH) were 1.73 × 10-6 M and 4.51 × 10-7 M, respectively. The volumetric mass transfer coefficient for methane (KL a) was determined to be 65.6 hr-1 .

Batch- and continuous-culture studies of a methane-utilizing mixed culture.

The growth parameters of Acinetobacter calcoaceticus, relevant to its mass cultivation on acetate and ethanol, were determined in batch and continuous culture experiments Acetic acid exhibited a more powerful inhibitory effect on the growth rate than ethanol In batch culture, the acetate component of an acetate-ethanol substrate pair was preferentially utilized, but diauxic growth as such was not evident The temperature optimum for growth was in the region of 29°–36°C, and the cell yield did not change appreciably over this temperature range In carbon-limited chemostat cultures, the maximum specific growth rates on acetate and ethanol were 122 h−1 and 096 h−1 respectively, and the respective yield coefficients were 04 and 075 A high maintenance energy requirement was exhibited, especially during acetate-limited growth The respiratory quotient was dependent on the growth rate, the significance of which is discussed

Growth parameters of Acinetobacter calcoaceticus on acetate and ethanol

The effects of temperature (20°, 25°, 30° C), pH (7.5, 8.0, 8.5) and dissolved oxygen (40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60% of concentration in air-saturated medium) on the growth of Brevibacterium linens were studied with cultures on sodium l-lactate and casamino acids in a regulated fermentor, using a factorial design methodology and an analysis of variance programme. The effect on growth rates was very striking: an extremely significant quadratic effect of oxygen, a marked negative effect of pH and a great negative interaction between pH and temperature were observed. Growth, transition from cocci to rods and pigmentation were inhibited by dissolved oxygen levels of 40% and 60%, while the level 50% produced higher absorbance values and growth rates.

Influence of temperature, pH and dissolved oxygen on growth of Brevibacterium linens in a fermentor

A mixed culture of bacteria MS1 capable of growth on methanol as its sole carbon-energy source was isolated by continuous culture with a minimum mineral salts medium and without asepsis. This bacterial association is composed of four Gram-negative bacterial strains which we identified. The respective numerical proportions of each microorganism are stable in time. The properties, and specially the stability of the continuous culture process have been studied with respect to substrate yield, biomass and productivity.

Mixed culture of bacteria utilizing methanol for growth

SummaryThe bioconversion from DL-Homoserine to L-Threonine byEnterobacter cloacae resting-cells is directed by various parameters: concentration in cells, in homoserine, in glucose, temperature, shaking, pH, and time.Some of them, such as temperature, shaking, and pH were determined during preliminary tests.In order to consider the reciprocal effect of the other parameters, we applied an experimental scheme based on the simultaneous variation of all parameters of the process.The method of factorial designs is based on the choice of an experimental field for which we make a matrix of the experiments. The measured result is the yield of L-Threonine produced in relation to L-Homoserine employed.The computational interpretation of the results gives the levels of significance of every parameter and the direction of the variation needed to improve the yield.This method permits us to obtain information which may be interpreted immediately, with a reduced number of experiments.

Bioconversion from DL-Homoserine to L-Threonine: I. Application of factorial designs

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Mixed culture of bacteria utilizing methanol for growth

Bioconversion from DL-Homoserine to L-Threonine: I. Application of factorial designs