An S-band high average power multibeam klystron (MBK) producing peak power of 500 kW and average power of 30 kW over 10% of relative simultaneous bandwidth has been designed and developed in Institute of Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (IECAS). The biggest challenges were achieving over 10% relative simultaneous bandwidth performance with higher efficiency at the same time and focusing and transport of the intense electron beam because of the highest level average power in all types of MBKs in IECAS. Two prototypes were manufactured and both have been thoroughly tested. The fundamental mode was chosen for the RF interaction system, 24 beams are used to obtain a beam current of 50 A and the beam voltage is 29 kV. The efficiency is greater than 40% and the gain is greater than 37.5 dB over a relative simultaneous bandwidth of 10%. Both design considerations and experimental results have been addressed in this paper. The experimental results are close to design specifications.

Development of an S-Band High Average Power Multibeam Klystron With Bandwidth of 10%

Development overview and test results of a multibeam inductive output tube that produces over 1.2 MW peak power at 704 MHz with over 65% efficiency are presented. This is a collaborative effort between Thales Electron Devices and Communications & Power Industries to design and fabricate a new RF source for the European Spallation Source. The first prototype unit has been designed and built. Initial test at CERN demonstrated output power of 1.2 MW peak, efficiency of 69.8%, and gain of 21.4 dB at 1-ms operation. When the pulselength was increased to 4 ms, instability in the RF output pulse developed as the result of a mechanical contact issue in the output window. The prototype is in the process of being repaired and the unit will be returned to CERN for full characterization and final testing in early 2018.

Design, Manufacturing, and Performance Results of a 1.2-MW Peak, 704-MHz Multibeam Inductive Output Tube

The multibeam klystron (MBK) is a compact high-power microwave vacuum electronic device that features low beam voltage, high efficiency, wide bandwidth, and low volume and weight. Since the 1960s, high-performance broadband MBKs have been developed that cover the entire microwave frequency band with relative instantaneous bandwidths <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$&gt;$</tex-math> </inline-formula> 15%, peak power <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$&gt;$</tex-math> </inline-formula> 1 MW, average power up to 40 kW, and efficiencies <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$&gt;$</tex-math> </inline-formula> 40%. In recent years, driven by the needs of high-energy particle accelerators, ultra high frequency (UHF) and <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\textit{L}$</tex-math> </inline-formula> -band MBKs with peak powers of more than 20 MW and efficiencies of nearly 80% are being developed. This article presents an overview of the development of broadband MBKs used in microwave electronic systems, such as radar and communication, and high-power MBKs used in the RF systems of particle accelerators. It also introduces the latest progress and development trends in MBKs leading to higher frequency, output power, bandwidth, efficiency, and lifetime. 

An Overview of Multibeam Klystron Technology

The multibeam klystron (MBK) is a compact high-power microwave vacuum electronic device that features low beam voltage, high efficiency, wide bandwidth, and low volume and weight. Since the 1960s, high-performance broadband MBKs have been developed that cover the entire microwave frequency band with relative instantaneous bandwidths <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$>$ </tex-math></inline-formula>15%, peak power <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$>$ </tex-math></inline-formula>1 MW, average power up to 40 kW, and efficiencies <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$>$ </tex-math></inline-formula>40%. In recent years, driven by the needs of high-energy particle accelerators, ultra high frequency (UHF) and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${L}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-band MBKs with peak powers of more than 20 MW and efficiencies of nearly 80% are being developed. This article presents an overview of the development of broadband MBKs used in microwave electronic systems, such as radar and communication, and high-power MBKs used in the RF systems of particle accelerators. It also introduces the latest progress and development trends in MBKs leading to higher frequency, output power, bandwidth, efficiency, and lifetime.

The multibeam klystron (MBK) faces the challenge of miniaturization together with stringent requirements for high power and high efficiency (HE) in L-band and below frequency regimes. Inspired by the core stabilization method (CSM), this article proposes three types of hybrid-modes resonant cavities, which can operate simultaneously in two harmonic modes. The large-signal simulation and 3-D particle-in-cell (PIC) simulation results demonstrate that this novel CSM MBK equipped with two hybrid-modes resonant cavities, operating at both fundamental and second harmonics, could provide up to 11.5-MW output power with 65.9% electronic efficiency at a total circuit length of 592 mm. This L-band MBK is launched with six beamlets, of which the beam voltage is 110 kV and the total current is 168 A. Moreover, compared with the MBKs designed by the traditional approach with only fundamental cavities or the CSM approach with individual harmonic cavities, the new hybrid HE klystron proposal exhibits not only decent efficiency performance but also, more importantly, ultracompact dimensions, where the circuit length is significantly shortened by about 45% and 35%, respectively.

A Study of an Ultracompact High-Efficiency CSM MBK Using Hybrid-Modes Resonant Cavities

Thales Electron Devices has been developing and manufacturing 10MW L-band vertical Multi Beam Klystrons (TH1801) for TTF, FLASH and PITZ machines at DESY for more than 10 years. At this point, 8 tubes have been installed at DESY with more than 80 000 hours of cumulated RF operation. All over these years, THALES has been collecting data on MBK tubes behavior which permitted to improve continuously the design margins and reliability. In order to allow horizontal installation in the XFEL tunnel, a horizontal version (TH1802) was fabricated, tested and qualified. The key performance of this tube is its high stability under all various operating conditions.

1.3 GHz, 10 MWp long pulse multibeam klystrons: A long heritage and proven reliability

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1.3 GHz, 10 MWp long pulse multibeam klystrons: A long heritage and proven reliability