Objective: This study aimed to conduct a cytotoxicity test in determining the viability and proliferation profile for novel material of silicone rubber/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) with or without Zirconium oxide on mesenchymal stromal cell culture. Methods: An in vitro study was carried out on adipose-derived mesenchymal stromal cell culture. Samples were divided into five groups: control, silicone rubber/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) without Zirconium oxide, silicone rubber/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) with Zirconium oxide 1 %, 3 %, and 5 %. Each group contained 2×105 seeded MSCs/well stained with MTT for its viability. For proliferation, MTT staining was performed on days 1, 3, and 5 to assess the trend of the percentage of the living cell. Statistical analysis was conducted using ANOVA, or the Kruskal-Walli’s test with a CI of 95%.

Effect of Silicone Rubber/Polyvinyl Alcohol /Zirconium Oxide Compound on Mesenchymal Stromal Cells

Rivastigmine Tartrate is an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor commonly used in Alzheimer treatment. Due to its hydrophilicity, short plasma elimination half-time, and poor blood-brain barrier penetration, developing a new drug delivery system for RT administration is essential. Accordingly, microneedles offer several advantages and could be a promising drug delivery system for RT administration. One of those types of MNs with numerous advantages is separable-effervescent microneedles. To support the formulation development, an analytical method using UV-Vis spectrophotometry was validated in phosphate buffered saline media and various biological matrices, such as rat skin, brain, and plasma to measure the amount of RT in the SEMNs preparations. The developed analytical method was validated under ICH guidelines. The results showed that the instrument could specifically detect the RT in the preparations without being interfered with by other compounds. The calibration curves in various biological matrices were linear ≥ 0.9985. The LOD and LLOQ values of the PBS media biological matrices were found to be 1.5 and 4.8 µg/mL, 1.2 and 3.7 µg/mL, 0.42 and 1.27 µg/mL, and 0.38 and 1.16 µg/mL, respectively. All the accuracy and precision values of this developed method were within acceptable ranges. Additionally, the extraction recovery was prominent after undergoing the protein precipitation process. As a result, the analytical method was proven to be valid and was successfully applied to quantify the amount of RT in the SEMNs formulation, in vitro and ex vivo permeation, along with in vivo pharmacokinetic studies. 

Development and validation of UV–Vis spectrophotometry-colorimetric method for the specific quantification of rivastigmine tartrate from separable effervescent microneedles: Ex vivo and in vivo applications in complex biological matrices

Hydroxyapatite Coating for Control Degradation and Parametric Optimization of Pure Magnesium: An Electrophoretic Deposition Technique for Biodegradable Implants

The advancements in the cell culture studies have led to the development of regenerative medicine concept. The aim of this study is to compare the effectiveness of some washing solutions, including phosphate buffered saline (PBS), sodium chloride (NaCl), and ringer's lactate (RL) on the rate of detachment and confluency in fibroblast and osteoblast cell culture. Baby Hamster Kidney 21 clone 13 (BHK21/C13) fibroblast cells and 7F2 osteoblast were cultured on T25 flasks for 3-4 days. Three treatment groups were classified on the basis of different washing solutions used in the moment before trypsinization: PBS, 0.9% NaCl, and RL. Each group was measured for the detachment rate and cell confluence. The measurement was done in 2 passage numbers. The use of PBS, NaCl, and RL washing solution showed that detachment time was less than 5 minutes for the fibroblasts and 3 minutes for the osteoblasts. There was a significant difference in the rate of fibroblast cell detachment (p=0.006) and osteoblast (p=0.016). The capability of fibroblasts and osteoblasts to achieve a confluence of 106 cells/well on the first and second measurements was almost the same between the washing solution groups. The use of physiological 0.9% NaCl solution as a washing solution in fibroblast and osteoblast cell culture has almost the same effectiveness as PBS to help accelerate cell detachment in less than 5 minutes without influencing the capability of cells to proliferate.

Cell detachment rates and confluence of fibroblast and osteoblast cell culture using different washing solutions.

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Cell detachment rates and confluence of fibroblast and osteoblast cell culture using different washing solutions.