[신간의 별자리x] 우리/미술, 그리고 ‘슬픔의 박물관’

Modeling and simulation of hydrogen injection into a blast furnace to reduce carbon dioxide emissions

Production of metals stands for 40% of all industrial greenhouse gas emissions, 10% of the global energy consumption, 3.2 billion tonnes of minerals mined, and several billion tonnes of by-products every year. Therefore, metals must become more sustainable. A circular economy model does not work, because market demand exceeds the available scrap currently by about two-thirds. Even under optimal conditions, at least one-third of the metals will also in the future come from primary production, creating huge emissions. Although the influence of metals on global warming has been discussed with respect to mitigation strategies and socio-economic factors, the fundamental materials science to make the metallurgical sector more sustainable has been less addressed. This may be attributed to the fact that the field of sustainable metals describes a global challenge, but not yet a homogeneous research field. However, the sheer magnitude of this challenge and its huge environmental effects, caused by more than 2 billion tonnes of metals produced every year, make its sustainability an essential research topic not only from a technological point of view but also from a basic materials research perspective. Therefore, this paper aims to identify and discuss the most pressing scientific bottleneck questions and key mechanisms, considering metal synthesis from primary (minerals), secondary (scrap), and tertiary (re-mined) sources as well as the energy-intensive downstream processing. Focus is placed on materials science aspects, particularly on those that help reduce CO2 emissions, and less on process engineering or economy. The paper does not describe the devastating influence of metal-related greenhouse gas emissions on climate, but scientific approaches how to solve this problem, through research that can render metallurgy fossil-free. The content is considering only direct measures to metallurgical sustainability (production) and not indirect measures that materials leverage through their properties (strength, weight, longevity, functionality).

https://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00799

The Materials Science behind Sustainable Metals and Alloys

Current status of the technology for utilizing difficult-to-treat dust and sludge produced from the steel industry

Slag viscosity modeling toolbox

For the sake of difficulties with changes of the slags absolute viscosity in blast furnace raised of contents of titanium compounds, examinations of this physical quantity were undertaken studies. The main objective of works was the determine of titanium and alkalies compounds on the dynamic viscosity of synthetic blast furnace primary and final slags in the multicomponent systems. Practical studies have been realize on concentric cylinders rotation viscometer methods. Range of temperatures for primary slags: 1200-1300 degrees C, for final slags: 1400-1500 degrees C. The following slags systems were being studies: CaO-SiO(2)-Al(2)O(3)-MgO-FeO-TiO(2)-(K(2)O+Na(2)O) and CaO-SiO(2)-Al(2)O(3)-MgO-TiO(2)-(K(2)O+Na(2)O).

Dynamic viscosity of blast furnace primary and final slag with titanium and alkali admixtures

Metallurgical wastes landfills in Poland significantly grew during last four decades. Landfilled wastes are characterised by iron content at range 30–50% and zinc content about 2–3%. Therefore wastes are not interesting for the zinc smelter, on the other hand, even such low zinc content in ironmaking burden causes problem with a shaft furnace operation. So, the wastes are valuable for ironmaking due to the high iron content, provided that zinc will be removed from them. The article describes the general ways of dealing with zinc containing metallurgical wastes. In detail, the semi-industrial research conducted on sinter pot set of Stanislaw Staszic Institute for Ferrous Metallurgy is presented. The study determined the conditions under which obtained three benefits: landfilled sludge utilisation, raw materials substitution and zinc recovery.

Utilisation of metallurgical sludge by multi-layer sintering

Prediction of raceway shape in zinc blast furnace under the different blast parameters

Fuel consumption in blast furnaces depends on many factors that are mainly conditioned by the technological level of a given blast furnace, the steel mill in which it operates, and the type and quality of ferrous feed, coke, and additional reducing agents. These are global factors which a furnace crew cannot control during operation. On the other hand, using their own experience and decision-making software, a crew can run a blast furnace with minimal fuel consumption under current batch and process conditions. The paper presents a model-based algorithm for optimizing the operation of blast furnaces to achieve the lowest fuel consumption. The algorithm allows the heat demands to be continuously calculated and highlights any wastage that could be reduced without affecting the stable operation of the blast furnace.

/pdf/support-algorithm-for-blast-furnace-operation-with-optimal-3mbqbixsbs.pdf

Support algorithm for blast furnace operation with optimal fuel consumption

Wykorzystanie wybranych odpadów metalurgicznych na komponenty wsadowe do procesów hutniczych i produkcji cementu

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