Porous ceramics that exhibit porosity gradient are considered promising materials from the industrial point of view, especially for the production of ceramic membranes and filters. This paper describes a simple and versatile approach to produce ceramics with porosity gradient. In order to perform this study, MnO 2 /SnO 2 bi-layered pellets were conformed via uniaxial pressure and sintered at 1100 °C and 1300 °C for different times. MnO 2 layer had the role of sintering aid, while the SnO 2 layer was chosen as ceramic matrix subjected to the densification. The field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) was employed to obtain information on the microstructural features of these pellets. FE-SEM micrographs revealed that the overall percentage of porosity, pore size and shape in SnO 2 layer can be controlled by sintering variables (temperature and time). The results indicated a correlation between the porosity gradient in SnO 2 with the Mn concentration gradient in this matrix.

A versatile approach for the preparation of ceramics with porosity gradient: by using manganese and tin oxides as a model

Abstract Antiballistics are used as personal protective equipment required by military and police personnel. They have been mentioned frequently in recent decades due to the increasing cases of war. Several studies have reviewed the development of antiballistic technology. However, there needs to be more discussion on and systematic reviews of the current milestones of antiballistic materials, testing, and procedures. In addition, compared to other fields, antiballistic studies are rarely carried out by public researchers because research on weapons is still a sensitive topic. Researchers who want to discuss antiballistics must cooperate with the country's defense and security agencies. This article aims to present a summary on and the development of scientific research on the theoretical concept of impact, the experimental approach for ballistic tests on advanced materials, the idealization of ballistic tests in computational mechanic simulations, and milestones of technical apparatus for ballistic performance measurement, over a period of more than 500 years. Thus, this analysis makes an excellent contribution to the field of antiballistics. This article review is based on hundreds of international journals and websites that are still active and can be accounted for legally. The results show that research related to antiballistics will continue to grow yearly.

/pdf/antiballistic-material-testing-and-procedures-of-curved-3bda5ilt.pdf

Antiballistic material, testing, and procedures of curved-layered objects: A systematic review and current milestone

Experimental research has been carried out regarding the manufacturing of aluminum alloy foams using centrifugal casting method and analysis of the samples so prepared. The work is primarily focused on measurement of parameters of centrifugal method of foam manufacturing and to check the appropriateness of hydrides like TiH2 and LiAlH4 as foaming agents. During the manufacturing process, AlSi10Cu2 aluminum alloy is melted at a temperature of 600°C and the release of hydrogen gas is observed for minimum 10% weight (concentration) of Lithium Aluminium Hydride foaming agent. The foaming agent LiAlH4 is used as an alternatives for the traditional TiH2 foaming agent with the aid of powder metallurgy route. Subsequent analysis of the foam so produced has been done by visual observation, microstructure observation, X-ray diffraction analysis and SEM image analysis. The SEM analysis of the samples indicates the suitability of the method for aluminium foam formation and the porosity generated using the present method is comparable with that generated using present methods of manufacturing.

Characterization of AlSi10Cu2 Aluminium Alloy Manufactured by Centrifugal Casting Route

Foams are intentionally produced porous lightweight materials useful in structural, mechanical, acoustic, thermal, and domestic applications. Aluminum and its alloy foams are gaining importance due to lower melting temperatures, lower densities, and ease of manufacturing by a variety of techniques, light in weight, good strength-to-weight ratio, good anticorrosive properties, and aesthetic in appearance. Powder metallurgy route of foam manufacturing is used to check the suitability of hydrides like LiAlH4 as foaming agents. LM2 (AlSi10Cu2) alloy is cold compacted at 200 MPa for 5 s, and at 6000C hydrogen release is observed for a minimum 5% weight of lithium containing blowing agents. This is an alternative for TiH2 foaming agent by powder metallurgy route. The foam production can be analyzed by visual observation, microstructure observation and nondestructive testing methods like X-ray diffraction analysis. A new approach of centrifugally cast powder metallurgy precursor method is introduced in this paper which can generate 45 to 60% porosity for batch production requirements at low cost. 

Manufacturing of AlSi10Cu2 Foam Using Centrifugal Casting Route and LiAlH4 Foaming Agent

It has been presented different methods for obtaining porous materials, (mainly used for metallic foams) and highlighting a new technology developed in the Faculty of Materials science and engineering, of Iasi. Our technology for obtaining porous materials is called centrifugal casting for porous materials. This technology is included in the method number 8: co-pressing of a metal powder with a leachable powder being in the same time a newer approach in the porous materials field. This technology is currently in the developmental phase. Since now we made experiments on the metallic materials, aluminum alloys. The technology is briefly described in this paper. The obtained parts were used for making samples in order to characterize the properties of the materials. The cellular structure of metallic foams requires special precautions that must be taken in characterization and testing. In this paper we have characterized the samples structurally by its cell topology (open cells, closed cells), relative density, cell size and cell shape and anisotropy. Also it was used scanning electron microscopy (SEM) which is straightforward; the only necessary precaution is that relating to surface preparation.

New approach for porous materials obtaining using centrifugal casting

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New approach for porous materials obtaining using centrifugal casting