Fluid transport that is driven by gradients of pressure, gravity, or electro-magnetic potential is well-known and studied in many fields. A subtler type of transport, called diffusiophoresis, occurs in a gradient of chemical concentration, either electrolyte or non-electrolyte. Diffusiophoresis works by driving a slip velocity at the fluid–solid interface. Although the mechanism is well-known, the diffusiophoresis mechanism is often considered to be an esoteric laboratory phenomenon. However, in this article we show that concentration gradients can develop in a surprisingly wide variety of physical phenomena – imposed gradients, asymmetric reactions, dissolution, crystallization, evaporation, mixing, sedimentation, and others – so that diffusiophoresis is in fact a very common transport mechanism, in both natural and artificial systems. We anticipate that in georeservoir extractions, physiological systems, drying operations, laboratory and industrial separations, crystallization operations, membrane processes, and many other situations, diffusiophoresis is already occurring – often without being recognized – and that opportunities exist for designing this transport to great advantage.

Origins of concentration gradients for diffusiophoresis

Singlet fission (SF) is a photophysical downconversion pathway, in which a singlet excitation transforms into two triplet excited states. As such, it constitutes an exciton multiplication generation process, which is currently at the focal point for future integration into solar energy conversion devices. Beyond this, various other exciting applications were proposed, including quantum cryptography or organic light emitting diodes. Also, the mechanistic understanding evolved rapidly during the last year. Unfortunately, the number of suitable SF-chromophores is still limited. This is per se problematic, considering the wide range of envisaged applicability. With that in mind, we emphasize uncommon SF-scaffolds and outline requirements as well as strategies to expand the chromophore pool of SF-materials.

Unconventional singlet fission materials.

Molecular interactions are best probed by scattering experiments. Interpretation of these studies has been limited by lack of control over the quantum states of the incoming collision partners. We report here the rotationally inelastic collisions of quantum-state prepared deuterium hydride (HD) with H2 and D2 using a method that provides an improved control over the input states. HD was coexpanded with its partner in a single supersonic beam, which reduced the collision temperature to 0–5 K, and thereby restricted the involved incoming partial waves to s and p. By preparing HD with its bond axis preferentially aligned parallel and perpendicular to the relative velocity of the colliding partners, we observed that the rotational relaxation of HD depends strongly on the initial bond-axis orientation. We developed a partial-wave analysis that conclusively demonstrates that the scattering mechanism involves the exchange of internal angular momentum between the colliding partners. The striking differences between H2/HD and D2/HD scattering suggest the presence of anisotropically sensitive resonances. Scattering of molecules at low temperature that are prepared in single quantum states illuminates the mechanism of rotationally inelastic collisions and reveals the reorientation of partner molecules. By correlating each outgoing partial wave with the incoming waves, partial-wave analysis of the scattering angular distribution determines the dominant short- and long-range anisotropies of the interaction potential.

Cold quantum-controlled rotationally inelastic scattering of HD with H 2 and D 2 reveals collisional partner reorientation

In this introductory chapter we will begin with an historical outline of the development of cavity enhanced absorption methods, with just enough attention to the applications that either motivated them or became conceivable after their development. Given the number of publications in this domain, we will consider only the first demonstrations, and those works leading to substantial improvement or innovation in the state of the art.

Introduction to Cavity Enhanced Absorption Spectroscopy

An enormous number of model chemistries are used in computational chemistry to solve or approximately solve the Schrodinger equation; each with their own drawbacks. One key limitation is that the hardware used in computational chemistry is based on classical physics, and is often not well suited for simulating models in quantum physics. In this review, we focus on applications of quantum computation to chemical physics problems. We describe the algorithms that have been proposed for the electronic- structure problem, the simulation of chemical dynamics, thermal state preparation, density functional theory and adiabatic quantum simulation.

/pdf/introduction-to-quantum-algorithms-for-physics-and-chemistry-4qapx5kr3x.pdf

Introduction to Quantum Algorithms for Physics and Chemistry

420MeVでの( 3 He,t)反応を通した弱い遷移強度導出

115A MeVにおける 24 Mg(t, 3 He)反応を使った 24 NaのGamow-Teller強度

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420MeVでの( 3 He,t)反応を通した弱い遷移強度導出

115A MeVにおける 24 Mg(t, 3 He)反応を使った 24 NaのGamow-Teller強度