In this research, the connection between land use and energy has been discussed from two points of view, i.e., the impacts of energy on land use and the impacts of land use on energy. This research identified several direct and indirect land use changes that occur by clearing vegetation, destroying top soils, and relocating human populations during the different stages of extraction, deposition, and transportation of fossil fuels and uranium ore; and during the establishment of renewable energy sources including wind turbines, hydro-power plants, and associated structures (highways, dams, culverts, tunnels, power station infrastructure, and energy transmission networks). Likewise, feedstock cultivation, processing, and transportation to biomass plants, as well as the production of biodiesel from municipal solid waste, require accessible land resources that further contribute to global land-use change. In the case of the impacts of land use on energy, mixed use development was found to be one of the most efficient approaches to achieve energy efficiency. Similarly, energy demand for motorized travel can also be reduced with the development of urban blocks and transit-oriented development. Furthermore, integrated combined heat and power systems, green space, and energy-supporting land use regulations were identified as energy savings strategies that may aid in achieving energy efficiency and ensuring sustainable development.

Land use and energy nexus

What do we know about Box elder Acer negundo L. ? This article reviews the knowledge about Box elder Acer negundo L. by analyzing the contents of databases and scientific literature, based on more than 200 articles. This tree species has been introduced in France for nearly three centuries. It has large ecological amplitude, which makes it suitable for use in the cities. With high dispersal abilities, it reaches the riparian area, similar as its original native range, to become invasive around the 2000s. According to the established models, the global changes should favor its development. Its dense foliage causes modifications of the flora composition and limits the autochthonous tree species regeneration. In some invaded sites, flora diversity and biomass are strongly impacted. The changes caused on the flora composition have a cascading effect on the other links of the trophic chain. The allergenicity of its pollen can cause health problems in the city, but planted varieties are often female cultivars, eliminating this risk. Samaras are poisonous to horses. Control techniques are effective to limit its invasion.

/pdf/que-savons-nous-de-l-erable-negondo-acer-negundo-l-43jqkrakth.pdf

Que savons-nous de l’Érable négondo Acer negundo L. ?

Increasing green zones can be a suitable option to meet the challenges of growing cities. City authorities in developing countries face a lack of reliable data on the status of urban trees and forestry. The objective of this study was to carry out a spatio-temporal analysis of the dynamics of urban green zones of Tashkent City using Landsat satellite images taking into account climatic changes. For this, we used methods of laying test plots in assessing tree-shrubbery vegetation, a technique for expert interpretation of land cover objects from satellite images of medium spatial resolution, and mathematical statistics. The statistical analyses showed that the temperature regime has the greatest degree of influence on the dynamics of NDVI, i.e. the onset of the growing season corresponds to an increase in temperature. Precipitation, in view of its unstable and uneven distribution in the study area, has a weak negative relationship with the phytomass of green zones. Spatial analysis revealed an average degree of variability of NDVI in the green areas of the city for the studied period of 2000-2011.

Monitoring city green zones using GIS technologies: An example of Tashkent city, Uzbekistan

Xing, W.W., 2020. Spatial layout planning of high density urban green space along the coast and its empirical analysis. In: Guido Aldana, P.A. and Kantamaneni, K. (eds.), Advances in Water Resources, Coastal Management, and Marine Science Technology. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 104, pp. 925–929. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.The development of social progress and the increase of population density are synchronous, so the development of the city also presents the diversification situation. Urban infrastructure projects tend to be saturated gradually, leaving less space for the construction of urban green space, which can bring great pressures to the planning of high-density cities. In view of the above problems and the limitations of the evaluation system of urban high-density planning, the research of spatial layout planning method was carried out in this paper. According to the function and characteristics of high density cities, the planning strategy of urban suitability based on urban green space was put forward; the scientific nature of the planning method was proved by the scientific analysis and evaluation methods; a city A with the high urban density was chosen as the object of empirical analysis; in view of the practical problems of high density cities, from the aspects of construction, the analysis was carried out. The research results have opened up new methods and new ideas for the urban construction planning in China.

Spatial Layout Planning of High Density Urban Green Space along the Coast and Its Empirical Analysis

Increasing building temperature may lead to numerous impacts directly and indirectly to the environment. With the sound knowledge of buildings associated with the surrounding temperature, a sustainable environment can be achieved. This literature review represents a systematic analysis of the impact of physical and non-physical factors on the changes in building temperature. A number of 50 articles from 2017 to early 2021 were analysed. It is found that a total of 24 variables with 18 sub-factors were correlated with the building energy and temperature. The changes in building temperature vary substantially according to the microclimate variation, building characteristics and urban attributes. This study has provided a better understanding of the physical and non-physical factors that influence the changes in building temperature. Thus, it helped to improve the surrounding temperature of urban area and subsequently reduce UHI phenomenon. 

A review on the contribution of physical and non-physical factors to the changes in building temperature

The object of this work is to study the energy impact caused by green surface area and vegetation coverage present in the low-density urban environment in the metropolitan area of Mendoza (AMM), Argentina, in order to understand the morphology of forested city in an arid climate, and, in the future, to determine the potential real modification on those urban microclimate environments essentially dependent on energy exchanges. Methogically on the urban green space level, the green surface and the different mineralized surfaces have been quantified from surveyed land data, aerial photographs, and by an accompanying representative in-situ survey of 32 city blocks in the AMM. In addition, using the i-tree canopy tool, the urban area covered by tree vegetation mass or vegetation cover has been quantified. Subsequently, using ecophysiological coefficients 1 , an environmental index for each environment analyzed has been determined, indicating the percentage of the total area of green space environmentally useful as an environmental modifier. The results obtained indicate mean values of green surface (herbaceous grass) of 22.83% in the urban environments analyzed (20.22% public and private), plus a 2.62% non-mineralized surface devoid of vegetation cover (permeable irrigation channel). The results using the i-tree tool indicate an urban surface covered by a vegetation tree mass of 26.59%, and a total of 41.08% non-mineralized surface, including trees, grass lawns, bushes and bare ground. In terms of environmental indices, values were established for the 32 environments analyzed, from a mean of 0.46, with the highest indices of 0.59 through the positive effect of vegetation cover from the thermodynamic point of view, and, on the other hand, with minimum indices of 0.39 in environments with a low percentage of urban trees and a high quantity of mineralized surface directly exposed to solar radiation. As a result of such a process, it is possible to determine current conditions and the formulation of an environmental diagnosis based on vegetation cover, adapted to consolidated environments of low density in a model of a forested city in arid climate, and it is hoped that this work presents the possibility of evaluating the energy impact of vegetation cover to implement future norms and rules aimed both at preserving the forested city model, in equilibrium with a model of the sustainable city, and at reversing urban-building growth that does not take such factual indicators into consideration.

Evaluation of the Energy Impact of Green Area Surfaces and Vegetation Cover in Forested Urban Environments with Dry Climates. Case: Mendoza Metropolitan Area, Argentina

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Evaluation of the Energy Impact of Green Area Surfaces and Vegetation Cover in Forested Urban Environments with Dry Climates. Case: Mendoza Metropolitan Area, Argentina